on 


NE 


ILLUSTRATED  . 


R  AV 


"PAIJ^TP,  ^pILS  AND  ^IjLA 
424  Bfooma  Street^  N, 


lEx  ICtbrifi 


SEYMOUR  DURST 


IVhen  you  leave,  please  leave  this  book 

Because  it  has  been  said 
" Ever'thing  comes  t'  him  who  waits 

Ey:cept  a  loaned  book." 


Avery  Architectural  and  Fine  Arts  Library 
Gin  OF  Seymour  B.  Durst  Old  York  Library 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2013 


http://archive.org/details/oldlandnnarksorhoOOmaco 


OLD  landmarks; 

OH, 

pew  T0  gEE  ]VEW  Y0RK 

AND    ITS  ENVIRONS. 

BY 

ROBERT  MACOY. 


ILLUSTRATED. 


ALSO 


A  Complete  Guide  and  Hand-Book 

OP 

USEFUL  INFORMATION,  COLLECTED  FROM  THE  LATEST 
RELIABLE  SOURCES. 


NEW  YORK  : 
liOBERT  MACOY,  PUBLIISHER, 
No.  4  Bat^clay  Stkeet. 


Jaa. 


F©b. 


Apr. 


2  3  4 
fl  10  11 
16  17  18 
23'24j25 
30  31  ■•• 
...j...  1 
I  6  71  8 
I13I14  15 
20  21  22 
127  28  ••• 

I  6  7!  8 
il3  14  15 
20  21  22 
27  28  29 


1 

6  7  8 

13  14  15 
20  21  22 
27,28  29 


3'  4!  5 
10  11  12 
17  18  19 
24  25  26 


3  4  5! 
10!  11 '12 
17118  19 
24  25  26 


10  11  12 
17  18  19 
24  25  26 
31  ■•• 

14  15  16 
21  22  23 
28  29  30 


BEay  1 


2!  3 
9  10 
15  16  17 
22  23  24 
29  30  31 


5'  6  7 
12  13  14 
19  20  21 
26  27  28 


Jua© 


51  6i  7 
12  13  14 
19  20  21 
26;27  28 


2!  3  4 
9  10  11 
16  17  18 
23  24  25 
30  ...!... 


00 
OO 


0Qta 


4 

10  11 
17  18 
24  25 
31 


5  6  7|  8  9 
12  13  14  15  16 

19,20  21  22  23 
27  28,29,30 


1  2 


15 


21  22 
28  29 


2  3 
9  10 


3  41  51  6 
9  10  11  12  13 
16  17  18  19  20 
23  24  25  26  27 
30  31I  -. 
...|...|  1 
6  7  8 
13  14  1516117 
20  21  22  23  24 
27  28  29  30 

1 

21  3:  41  51  61  7' 
9  10  11  1213'l4 
16  17  18  19  20  21 
23  24  25  26  27  28:29 
30  31 


18119 
25126 


6  7 
13  14 
20  21 
27  28 


25 1 26 


2!  3l  41  5 
9  10  11  12 
15  16  17  18  19 
2?,  23  24,25  26 
29i30,.--  ••.l•.• 
...  ...   l|  2I  3 

6!  7  8  9  10 
13  14115  16  17 
20I21I22  23  24 
2728129  30  31 


CONTENTS. 


Academy  of  Music   G3 

Advice  to  Strangers   29 

Xmusemeut,  Places  of   yy 

Apollo  Rooms   55 

Approaches  to  the  City  !  29 

Approach  from  the  Sea   29 

Art  Galleries   92 

Astor  Place  Library  59,  60 

Asylums  and  Homes   .107 

Bank  of  New  York   43 

Battery  in  1656,  1746,  1876.....  32,  33,  34 

Bay  and  Harbor  of  N.  Y  30 

Bay  Side   81 

Bedloe's  Island   33 

Benefit  and  Secret  Societies  104 

Bennett  Building   . . '  46 

Bible  House  60 

Blackwell's  Island   . .  81 

Booth's  Theatre   64 

Bowery   72 

Bowery  Theatre   73 

Bowling  Green  36 

Bridge  Street   36 

Broad  Street  11,  14,  42 

Broadway   37 

Broadway  Theatre   55 

Broadway  House  57,  58 

Brooklyn  and  Erie  Basins   33 

Brooklyn  City   82 

Bull's  Head,  Bowery   73 

Canal  Street   57 

Carlton,  Sir  Guy   34 

Carriages   98 

Castle  Garden   35 

Cemeteries  108 

Central  Park   77 

Chatham  St.  and  the  Bowery   70 

Church  of  the  Transfiguration   67 

Churches,  Principal   87 

City  Hall   6 

City  Prison   72 

City  Railroad  Routes   86 

City  Hall  Park.   50,  52 

Clinton,  Sir  Henry   38 

Coal  and  Iron  Exchange   38 

Collect  Pond   71 

College  of  Physicians,  N.  Y   66 

Colleges  in  New  York  103 

Collegiate  Reformed  Church  69 

Commercial  Advertiser   46 

Common,  The   50 

Coney  Island   81 

Consuls.  Foreign  106 

Cotton  Exchange   42 

County  Court  House   52 

Cunningham,  Captain   50 

Custom  House   42 

Declaration  of  Independence   51 

De  Lancey  Mansion   41 

Dispensaries  104 


Distances  in  the  City  106 

Distributing  Reservoir   68 

Docks  and  Slips,  Along  the   75 

Drexel  Building   41 

Elevated  Railroad   89 

Ellis  Island   33 

Equitable  Life  Ins.  Building   4.3 

Evening  Post  Building   46 

Everett  Hotel   62 

Execution  of  a  Negro    52 

Exchange  Place   43 

Federal  Hall  in  1789   40 

Ferries  102 

Fields,  The  50,  51 

Fifth  Avenue   66 

Fifth  Avenue  Theatre   67 

Fire  Island   81 

Fishing  Banks.   81 

Five  Points   72 

Florence's  Hotel   56 

Fly  Market   44: 

Forks,  The   61 

Fort  George   32 

Forts  Tompkins  and  Richmond  32 

Forts  Lafayette  and  Hamilton  33 

Fraunces  Tavern   41 

Franklin  Square   70 

Fresh  Water  Pond  53.  71 

I  Fulton  Street    45 

Gallow'sHill   53 

Garden  Street   43 

General  Information   85 

G^rmania  Theatre   63 

Governor's  Island   33 

Gowanus  Bay   33 

Grace  Church   61 

Grand  Central  Depot   68 

Grand  Opera  House   65 

Gravesend  Bay   33 

Greenwood  Cemetery  33,  84 

Hall  of  Records  50,  51 

Halls  of  Justice   72 

Hanover  Square   42 

Harper  Brothers   70 

Herald  Building   46 

Highlands  of  New  Jersey   81 

Hippodrome   64 

Hoffman  House   64 

Hospitals  103 

Hotels,  Principal  100 

Irving  Hall   63 

Jewish  Synagogue,  Tern.  Emanuel. . .  69 

Kevport   81 

Kill  Von  Kull   33 

Kolch-hook  Pond   71 

Kruger,  Martin   38 

Lenox  Library   69 


4 


COXTENTS. 


Liberty  Boys.   HI 

Libraries  loi 

Lincoln  Statue,  Union  Square   G3 

Long  Branch   81 

Lyceum  Tlieatre   63 

Madison  Avenue  Chui'ch    64 

Madison  Square  and  Vicinity   G-t 

Maiden  Lane   44 

Manhattan  Isl.— Past  and  Present. . .  27 
Manhattan  Island  at  the  Discovery..  31 

Marine  Savings  Bank   42 

Markets,  Public   98 

Masonic  Hall    54 

Masonic  Temple  64,  65 

Mercantile  Library   60 

Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art   63 

Metropolitan  Hotel   59 

Methodist  Book  Concern   61 

Middle  Dutch  Church  44 

Mutual  Life  Insurance   45 

Narrows   32 

Nassau  Street   44 

National  Academy  of  Design   65 

Negro  Bxirying  Ground   54 

Neversink  Highlands   31 

New  Amsterdam  in  1656   32 

New  York  from  its  Discovery   9 

New  Jail   30 

New  Court  House   53 

New  York  from  its  Discovery   9 

New  York  Hospital  54 

New  York  Life  Ins.  Co    55 

New  York  Garden   56 

Niblo's  Garden   59 

Normal  College   70 

Olympic  Theatre   58 

Oyster  Barges   75 

Parade,  The,  in  1728   36 

Park,  The   50 

Park,  City  Hall  and  Court  House.. . .  52 

Park  Theatres  47,  63 

Pearl  Street   35 

Piers,  Location  of  102 

Post  Office  47,  48 

Potter's  Field  64,  67 

Prospect  Park   84 

Provost,  The  50,  51 

Purchase  of  the  Island   28 

Railroad  Depots   93,  94 

Randall's  Island  81 

Raritan  Bav   31 

Red  Bank   81 

Rickett's  Amphitheatre   56 

River  Steamboats  95,  96,  97 

Road  to  Boston   70 

Rockaway   81 

Rutgers  Female  Institute   68 

Sandy  Hill   59 

Sandy  Hook   31 

Seamen's  Savings  Bank   42 

Secret  and  Beneht  Societies  104 


Seventh  Regiment  Armory  74 

Sheep  Walk .    43 

Society  Library,  New  York  55,  62 

Staats  Zeitung   49 

Stage  Routes   87 

Stamp  Act.   51 

Staten  Island  32,  81 

St.  Mark's  Church   74 

St.  Paul's  Church  46,  47 

St.  Nicholas  Hotel   58 

St.  Patrick's  Cathedral  69 

Steamboat  Landings   95 

Steinway  Concert  Hall   63 

Stewart's  Wholesale  Store   54 

Stewart's  Retail  St(ire   61 

Stewart's  Residence   67 

Stock  Exchange,  New  York   41 

Stone  Street   36 

Stone  Bridge  Tavern   57 

Stuyvesant  Place   74 

Sun,  The   48 

Swamp  Meadow   71 

Tabernacle,  The   55 

Talleyrand   38 

Tammany  Hall  and  Society   63 

Tattersalls  ajid  Olympic  Theatre   57 

Telegraph  Companies   92 

Tivoli  Garden     74 

Tombs,  The   71,  72 

Tompkins  Market   74 

Tontine  Building    42 

Treasury  and  Assay  Office   40 

Treaty  for  the  Sale  of  the  Island   28 

Tribune,  New  York   48 

Trinity  School   38 

Trinity  Church  and  Graveyard   38 

Trinity  Building   45 

Twenty-second  Regiment  Armory. .  63 

Union  Institute   60 

Union  Square  and  Vicinity  61,  62 

Union  Square  Theatre   62 

Union  League  Club  House   64 

Union  Place  Hotel  62 

Union  Sqiaare  Hotel    62 

University  Place   62 

W^all  Street  40 

Wallabout  Bav   83 

Wallack's  Theatre   61 

Walton  House   70 

Ward's  Island   81 

Washington  34,  37,  41,  51,  53 

Washington  House   37 

Washington  Hall   54 

Washington  Square   66 

Washington's  Entry  into  New  York.  74 

Western  Union  Telegraph  38,  45 

White  Conduit  House    56 

Whitehall  Street   35 

Wiuckel  Street   35 

World.  New  York   47 

Worth,  Gen.  Wm.,  Monument  of   64 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  65 


CITY  HALL  IN  THE  PARK. 


NEW  YORK  AXD  ITS  ENVIRONS. 


HE  City  of  New  York,  justly  named  the  Metropolis 
OF  America,  and  one  of  the  three  great  commercial 
and  financial  centres  of  the  world,  is  also  one  of  the 
marvels  created  by  modern  energy  and  enterprise. 
Though  but  little  more  than  two  hundred  years  ago, 
it  was  a  mere  hamlet,  to-day  it  rivals  the  proudest  cities  of  the 
Old  World  in  its  miles  of  streets,  its  sj^lendid  public  and  pri- 
vate buildings,  its  extensive  charities,  and  the  enterprise  and 
public  spirit  of  its  inhabitants.    At  its  wharves  the 

COMMERCE  OF  THE  GLOBE  IS  REPRESENTED, 

and  the  products  of  every  clime  come  here  to  find  a  market. 
More  than  a  hundred  Ocean  Steamers  ply  to  and  fro  between 
this  city  and  Europe,  and  other  countries,  and  bring  us  the 
representatives  of  every  nationality.  Its  hotels,  ranging  in 
style  from  a  palace  to  an  inn,  offer  accommodations  for  every 
taste  and  for  all  purses.  Surrounding  it,  and  built  up  from  its 
surplus  population,  are  Brooklyn,  the  third  city  in  the  Union, 
Jersey  City,  Newark,  Hudson  City,  and  many  other  places  of 


6 


fllSTORY  OF  AND  IIOAV  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


lesser  note,  the  residents  of  ^vhich  look  to  the  Metropolis  for 
the  means  of  wealth. 

And  this  splendid  Emporium  is  a  monument  to  the  resistless 
energies  of  the  peojile  of  this  country.  Though  settled  by  the 
Dutch,  about  1612,  its  metropolitan  character  has  been  attained 
Avitliiu  the  last  forty  or  fifty  years.  It  is  within  the  recollection 
of  the  writer,  but  little  past  middle  life,  when  Fourteenth  Street 
Avas  the  limit  of  the  city,  and  Yorkville  and  Harlem  were  prac- 
tically farther  off,  because  less  accessible,  than  are  Pough- 
keepsie,  or  even  Albany,  to-day.  The  City  Hall,  erected  in 
1812,  lias  its  rear,  or  ujjtown  front,  built  of  common  material,  in 
contra-distinction  to  the  marble  front,  because  at  that  time  it 
commanded  the  whole  city,  and  above  it  were  only  green  fields 
and  farm-houses.  At  present  the  centre  of  the  city  is  some  two 
or  three  miles  above  it,  and  where  in  our  boyhood  were  gardens 
and  fields,  now  stand  endless  rows  of  magnificent  buildings, 
comprising  churches,  hotels,  commercial  houses,  and  private 
dwellings,  which,  taken  as  a  whole,  are  unsurpassed,  if  equalled, 
by  any  other  city  in  the  world.  The  principal  thoroughfare, 
Broadway,  is  a  marvel  not  to  be  seen  elsewhere,  and  of  itself 
sufficient  to  repay  the  trouble  of  a  long  journey  to  pass  through 
and  inspect  it.  For  about  five  miles  of  its  length,  it  presents 
on  either  hand  a  continuous  series  of 

PALATL\L  EDIFICES 

devoted  to  finance,  trade,  and  other  affairs,  and  comprising  the 
historic  Battery,  Bowling  Green,  Washington's  Headquarters, 
Trinity,  St.  Paul,  and  Grace  Churches,  the  Astor  House,  St. 
Nicliolas,  Metropolitan,  Grand  Central,  and  Fifth  Avenue 
Hotels,  the  General  Post  Office,  City  Buildings,  Union  and 
Madison  Squares,  and  commercial  edifices,  where  every  possible 
need  or  luxury  of  modern  life  can  be  obtained.  In  a  compara- 
tively small  portion  of  its  length,  and  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  streets  intersecting  it,  there  is  considerably  more  insurance 
on  goods  actually  in  store,  than  would  pay  the  entire  losses  of 
the  great  Boston  and  Chicago  fires.  Along  this  thoroughfare, 
to  say  nothing  of  the  multitude  of  vehicles,  from  the  humble 
luggage  van,  to  the  elegant  turnouts  of  the  wealthy,  pass  every 
day  more  people  than  would  suffice  for  the  population  of  an 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. — ILLUSTRATED. 


1 


ordinary  city,  and  the  stranger  may  enjoy  the  pleasure  of  a 
"jam"  at  Fulton  Street,  or  the  more  leisurely  excitement  of  an 
inspection  of  its  wonders,  for  many  days,  before  he  can  feel  that 
he  has  seen  it  all. 

Tlie  corresjDonding  tliorouglifare  on  the  eastern  side,  the 
Bowery,  which  runs  parallel  with  Broadway,  presents  a  con- 
trast, 2*erhaps  nowhere  else  to  be  seen  on  the  habitable  globe. 
Broadway  presents  us  the  hurrying  throng  of  a  great  city,  com- 
prised of  business  men,  intent  only,  as  the  denizens  of  American 
cities  are,  upon  the  pursuit  of  gain,  mingled  with  provincials 
and  strangers  from  every  part  of  the  world,  but  on  the  whole 
plainly  distinguishable,  as  representing  what  we  term  the  better 
classes  of  society.  The  Bowery,  on  the  other  liand,  represents 
the  people,  with  a  large  admixture  of  the  Teutonic  element. 
Along  its  course,  for  some  two  miles,  their  Gardens,  Bier  Halls, 
and  various  industries  meet  the  observer  at  every  step,  and  show 
how  quickly  the  various  nationalities  find  a  place  among  us,  and 
move  along  peacefully  in  pursuit  of  business  or  pleasure.  One 
of  the  peculiarities  of  this  region,  is  the  frequently  exposed  an- 
nouncement of 

"BROADWAY  GOODS  AT  BOWERY  PRICES," 

thus,  in  a  line,  marking  the  popular  appreciation  of  the  pecu- 
liarities of  the  two  great  arteries  of  commerce  and  travel  in 
the  city. 

Originally,  New  York  seems  to  have  been  laid  out  with  re- 
gard to  the  convenience  of  its  then  inhabitants,  and  without 
any  thought  of  its  future  greatness.  Streets  were  run  "across 
lots,"  and  made  to  subserve  the  usually  travelled  route  from  one 
point  to  another,  without  any  attention  to  symmetry  or  order. 
A  marked  instance  of  this  is  in  Pearl  Street,  beginning  at  Broad- 
w^ay,  near  the  Bowling  Green,  and  after  performing  a  tour 
worthy  of  the  Circumlocution  Office,  ending  at  the  same  street 
just  above  the  City  Hall  Park.  The  difference  between  what 
may  be  termed,  the  old  city  and  the  new,  will  present  itself  to 
the  spectator  by  a  visit  to  the  Observatory  of  Trinity  Church,  in 
lower  Broadway  at  the  head  of  Wall  Street,  and  again  from  the 
Dome  of  the  Masonic  Temple,  at  Twenty-third  Street  and  Sixth 
Avenue,  from  either  of  wliich  he  may  obtain  a  magnificent  view, 


8  HISTORY   OF  AND  HOW  TO  REE  NEW  YORK 

not  only  of  the  city  proper,  bathed  on  either  side  by  a  noble 
river,  one  leading  inland,  and  the  other  connecting  the  bay 
with  Long  Island  Sound,  and  thus,  in  either  direction,  with 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  but  of  all  the  neighboring  localities. 
Standing  on  the  dome,  the 

VISITOR  IS  SURROUNDED  BY  A  PANORAMA, 

the  extent  of  which  can  in  no  other  way  be  realized.  Looking 
beyond  the  interminable  rows  of  streets,  and  enclless  array  of 
buildings,  he  sees  Brooklyn,  Greenpoint,  Astoria,  the  Islands, 
and  Public  Institutions  located  thereon,  then  the  Heights  of  the 
Jersey  shore,  and  the  towns  and  villages,  nestling  at  their  feet; 
the  Harbor  of  New  York,  where  the  navies  of  the  world  might 
find  a  resting  place;  the  Narrows  and  Lower  Bay,  and  thus 
back  to  the  point  of  starting;  and  he  may  know,  that  within  the 
range  of  his  vision  are 

MORE  THAN  TWO  MILLIONS  OF  PEOPLE, 

and  wealth  beyond  calculation ;  that  among  them  are  represented 
every  phase  of  social  life,  from  the  millionaire  to  the  tramp ; 
that  while  among  them,  virtue  and  social  and  civil  order  largely 
predominate,  there,  none  the  less,  are  also  the  homes  of  abject 
poverty  and  revolting  crime. 

To  the  holiday  visitor,  seeking  recreation,  or  the  gratification 
of  a  curiosity  to  see  the  great  city,  as  well  as  to  the  student  of 
human  nature  in  its  varying  aspects,  the  Great  Metropolis  affords 
an  ample  field,  and  to  assist  those  who  wish  to  know  what  to 
see,  and  how  to  see  it  with  the  greatest  degree  of  comfort  and 
convenience,  is  the  ol)ject  of  this  work. 

In  the  following  pages  will  be  found  a  resume  of  important 
incidents,  chronologically  arranged,  from  the  first  discovery  of 
the  Island  to  the  present  time,  which  must  prove  highly  inter- 
esting to  the  resident  of  the  city,  the  citizen,  as  well  as  to  the 
stranger,  and  a  complete  list  of  all  the  public  and  private  insti- 
tutions, with  such  brief  memoranda  as  may  indicate  their  loca- 
tions, objects,  and  standing,  together  with  directions  for  reach- 
ing them  from  any  point;  thus  forming  a  vade  mecum  of 
intelligence,  which  can  hardly  fail  to  be  useful  to  the  visiting 
stranger,  to  which  end  it  is  respectfully  offered  to  the  public. 


ARRIVAL  OP  HUDSON  IN  THE  BAT  OP  NEW  YORK,  1609. 

NEW  YORK 

FROM  ITS  DISCOVERY  TO  THE  PRESENT  TIME. 

CHRONOLOGICALLY  AREANGED. 


1525.  Jean  Verrazani,  an  ad- 
venturous Florentine  naviga- 
tor, in  the  service  of  Francis  I. 
of  France,  while  exploring  the 
coast  of  North  America,  entered 
the  bay  of  New  York,  between  j 
the  Narrows  and  Staten  Island,  \ 
and  remained  a  sufficient  time 
to  form  a  very  favorable  opinion 
of  the  country  and  of  the  natives. 
A  sudden  gale  coming  on,  his 
examinations  were  interrupted, 
and  he  put  to  sea,  proceeding  to 


Newport.  After  remaining  there 
fifteen  days,  he  coasted  north- 
ward and  returned  to  France. 

1000.  September  3.  Henry 
Hudson,  an  Englishman,  em- 
ployed by  the  States  General  of 
Holland,  passed  through  the  Nar- 
rows in  the  yacht  Ilalf  Moon, 
and  anchored  in  New  York  bay 
September  11,*  — thus  gaining 


*  When  the  Half  Moon  arrived  at  the 
New  Netherland,  the  natives  did  not 


10 


iii>;toky  of  and  how  to  see  new  york 


the  credit  of  having  discovered 
this  region  of  country,  and  the 
river  which  bears  his  name, 
which  he  called  De  Groote  Ridier. 
During  the  next  day  he  landed  on 
the  island,  which  was  then  in 
possession  of  the  tribe  of  Indians 
knoAvn  as  the  Manhattoes,  from 
whom  its  original  name,  "  Man- 
hattan," is  derived,  October 
4,  Hudson  sailed  for  Holland, 
to  carry  tidings  of  the  important 
results  of  his  voyage.*  He  sold 
his  claim  to  the  Dutch,  who  soon 
after  took  possession  of  the  coun- 
try, and  gave  to  that  region, 
which  now  comprehends  the 
States  of  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  and  Delaware,  the 
general  appellation  of  New  Neth- 
erlands. New  York  was  called 
NeiD  Amsterdain. 

IGIO.  Several  merchants  of 
Amsterdam  sent  out  a  ship  com- 
manded by  the  former  mate  of 
the  Half  Moon,  for  traffic  with 
the  Indians. 

1012.  Other  merchants  now 
united  -with  those  previously  en- 
gaged in  trade  with  New  Am- 
sterdam, and  dispatched  the 
Fortune,  commanded  by  Hen- 
drick   Christiaensen,    and  the 


know,  that  there  were  anj^  other  people 
in  the  world,  than  those  who  were  like 
themselves.  When  thej'  first  discov- 
ered Hudson's  ship  they  stood  in  deep 
and  solemn  amazement,  not  knowing 
Avhether  it  was  an  apparition  from  the 
Avorld  of  spirits,  or  a  monster  of  the 
sea,  and  when  they  saw  the  men  their 
astonishment  was  still  greater.— 2)Mn- 
lap's  History  of  New  York. 

*  The  topography  of  the  island,  as 
seen  by  Hiidson,  was  as  follows:  The 
lower  part  consisted  of  wood-crowned 
bills,  and  beautiful  grassy  valleys,  in- 
cluding a  chain  of  swamps  and  marshes, 
and  a  deep  pond  northward,  rose  into 
rocky  high  ground.  The  inhabitants 
were  a  tribe  of  Indians,  dwelling  in 
clusters  of  rude  wigwams. 


Tiger,  commanded  by  Adriaen 
Block,  for  a  voyage  to  the  Mau- 
ritius River,  as  it  was  then  called, 
trading  in  furs,  and  for  making 
further  discoveries.  Christiaen- 
sen was  appointed  the  first  agent, 
and  built  a  redoubt,  with  four 
small  houses  on  the  site  of  what 
is  now  No.  30  Broadway.  He 
was  afterwards  murdered  by  a 
young  Indian,whomhehad  taken 
to  Holland  on  his  first  voyage, 
and  who  met  a  speedy  death 
from  the  hands  of  the  settlers. 
This  was  the  first  murder  on  re- 
cord in  the  province, 

1613.  Three  more  vessels, 
commanded  by  Captains  Dewitt, 
Mey,  and  Volckertsen,  were  now 
engaged  in  the  fur  traffic;  and  it 
was  determined  to  open  a  regu- 
lar commerce  with  the  new  prov- 
ince, making  the  Island  of  Man- 
hattan the  chief  depot,  with 
agents  to  collect  furs  while  the 
ships  were  going  to  and  return- 
ing from  Holland, 

101 4.  As  Block  was  about 
returning  to  Holland,  his  vessel 
was  destroyed  by  fire  ;  but,  in- 
stead of  being  disheartened  by 
this  misfortune,  he' immediately 
set  about  building  another.  This 
undertaking  was  pursued  with 
such  skill  and  assiduity,  that  in 
the  spring,  the  first  craft  ever 
launched  in  the  waters  of  Man- 
hattan, was  finished. 

1015.  The  Dutch  purchased 
a  piece  of  land  on  the  bank  of 
the  Hudson,  extending  to  what 
is  now  Rector  Street,  and  erected 
a  trading-house,  which,  being 
guarded  by  a  palisade  fence,  was 
called  the  first  fort. 

1020.  Captain  Thomas  Der- 
mer,  an  Englishman,  in  the  ser- 
vice of  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges, 
touched  at  New  Amsterdam,  on 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


11 


THE  DITCH  OR  CANAL  THROUGH  BROAD  STREET  SIDED  UP  Vv'ITH  BOARDS. 
THE  CANAL,  WAS  FILLED  UP  ABOUT  1676. 


his  way  to  New  England,  and 
warned  the  settlers  from  contin- 
uing on  English  territory.  He, 
witli  others,  petitioned  James  I. 
for  a  grant  of  the  province  of 
New  Netherland,  which  was 
granted,  and  the  English  ambas- 
sador was  directed  to  remon- 
strate against  its  further  occupa- 
tion by  the  Dutch. 

1621.  The  States  General 
granted  a  charter  to  the  "  West 
India  Company,"  investing  them 
with  exclusive  jurisdiction  over 
the  province  for  twenty-one 
years,  on  condition  that  they 
colonized  the  new  territories, 
and  kept  the  grantors  advised  of 
their  plan  of  operations. 

1623.  This  year  may  be  con- 
sidered as  the  era  of  permanent 
settlement.  The  ship  iVe?c 
Netherland,  of  260  tons,  was 
suitably  fitted  out  and  dis- 
patched by  the  Amsterdam 
Chamber,  to  whose  care  the  prov- 


ince had  been  especially  con- 
fided, with  thirty  families  (most- 
ly Walloons,  or  French  Protest- 
ants), to  the  territory  whose 
name  it  bore,  for  the  purpose  of 
founding  a  colony.  Cornelissen 
Jacobsen  Mey  had  command  of 
the  expedition,  and  was  also  first 
director  of  the  province.  By 
permission  of  the  natives,  a  fort 
in  the  form  of  a  regular  square, 
with  four  bastions,  was  built  on 
the  point  of  land,  at  the  inter- 
section of  the  North  and  East 
Elvers,  extending  to  what  is  now 
the  west  wall  of  Trinity  Church- 
yard. 

1625.  Five  vessels  arrived  at 
different  periods,  bringing  colon- 
ists, with  furniture,  farming  im- 
plements, and  upwards  of  one 
hundred  head  of  cattle,  besides 
stallions,  mares,  sheep,  swine, 
etc. ,  forming  a  nucleus  for  per- 
manent settlement.  A  colony 
of  Walloons  began  to  cultivate 


12  HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEAV  YORK 


GOV.  STXTTNTESANT  HOUSS  AT  THE  WHITEHALL,  IN  1658.     THE  LAND  WAS 
MADE  BY  KECLAIMING  FROM  SWAMP. 


lands  at  the  Wallabout  (Wal- 
loons' Bay),  on  Long  Island,  and 
from  them  the  name  is  derived. 
Thus,  at  this  time,  was  the  city 
of  Brooklyn  begun,  and  here  the 
first  white  child  (Sarah  Rapalje) 
was  born  in  New  Xetherland. 

162(>,  May  4.  Peter  Minuit, 
who  had  been  appointed  in 
place  of  Verhulst,  recalled,  ar- 
rived. He  had  instructions  to  or- 
ganize a  provincial  government. 
Minuit  bought  the  whole  Island, 
estimated  at  22,000  acres,  of  the 
Indians,  for  the  "West  India 
Company,"  paying  the  sum  or 
value  of  $24  !  A  fort  was  next 
staked  out  on  the  triangle 
forming  the  southern  part  of 
the  Island  (a  mere  block-house, 
surrounded  by  cedar  palisades), 
which  was  finished  the  year  fol- 


lowing. A  horse-mill  was  also 
erected  with  a  large  room  on  the 
second  floor  for  religious  and 
other  meetings. 

1630.  New  Amsterdam  fairly 
won  the  title  of  the  "Commer- 
cial Metropolis  of  America,"  by 
the  construction  of  the  NeiD 
Netherlands  a  ship  of  800  tons, 
then  one  of  the  largest  merchant 
vessels  in  the  world,  which  was 
built  and  dispatched  to  Holland. 
Walloons,  Huguenots,  Calvin- 
ists.  Friends,  and  Catholics,  all 
found  a  home  here,  and  laid  the 
foundation  of  that  cosmopolitan 
character  which  the  city  has 
since  so  well  sustained. 

1632,  Minuit  recalled,  and 
the  next  year,  Wouter  von  T wil- 
ier, the  new  governor,  arrived 
with  a  military  force  of  one  hun- 


AND  ITS   3=:NVIR0XS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


13 


6TEEET  PILING  ALONG  TUE  EAST  KIVEK,  NEAR  COENTIES  SLIP,  ItiSb. 


dred  and  four  men.  First  church 
built  on  Pearl  Street,  between 
Whitehall  and  Broad  Streets. 
Graveyard  laid  out  on  Broad- 
way, near  Morris  Street. 

1635,  Fort  finished  at  an  ex- 
pense of  $1,688.  First  brick 
tiouse  built.  Bricks  brought 
from  Holland.  First  English 
settlers. 

1640.  Tax  imposed  on  In- 
dians, which  laid  the  foundation 
of  a  bloody  war. 

1613.  Massacre  of  inhabi- 
tants by  the  Indians.  The 
houses  of  this  period  were  mostly 
one  story,  with  roofs  of  straw 
and  wooden  chimneys. 

1611.  War  with  Xew  England 
Indians.  Excise  tax  laid  on  beer 
and  liquors.  Slave  trade  au- 
thorized by  Dutch  government. 

1615.  Treaty  of  peace  con- 
cluded with  the  Indians,  of 
whom  1,600  had  been  killed  dur- 
ing the  war  in  the  vicinity  of 
Manhattan. 

1617.  Gov.  Stuyveslnt  ar- 
rived ;  his  administration  lasted 


I  until  the  end  of  Dutch  power 
I  (seventeen  years),  in  Manhattan. 

1652,  Municipal  form  of  gov- 
i  ernment  granted  to  the  city. 

1653,  City  Hall  first  estab- 
lished ;  the  city  tavern  at  the 
head  of  present  Coenties  Slip, 
having  been  granted  for  that 
purpose.  The  first  magistrate 
appointed. 

1655.  Night  of  September 
I  15,  the  Indians,  taking  advan- 
1  tage  of  the  Governor's  absence, 

'  attacked  the  settlements,  rob- 
bing and  firing  the  houses,  and 
murdering  the  inhabitants. 

1656.  The  city  first  surveyed, 
and  the  streets  (seventeen  in 
number)  laid  out.  Market-place 
for  stand  of  country  wagons  on 
the  "Strand,"  foot  of  Whitehall 
Street.  Census  of  the  city  taken, 
one  hundred  and  twenty  houses, 
and  one  thousand  inhabitants. 
The  first  houses  built  on  Wall 
Street. 

1658,  Streets  first  paved  with 
stone.  Rent  of  an  average  good 
house,  fourteen  dollars  per  an- 


14  IIISTOKY  OF  AND  UOAV  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


L»wCK  AND  KIVER  TKONT  TO  WALL  STREET,  1667. 


num.  First  market-house,  for 
sale  of  meat,  erected  in  present 
site  of  Bowling  Green.  All 
tliatclied  roofs  and  wooden  chim- 
neys ordered  to  be  removed — 
fire-buckets  and  hooks  and  lad- 
ders first  furnished  for  the  town. 
Jacob  Van  Corlaer  opened  a  pri- 
vate school,  but  was  indicted  by 
the  authorities.  Slaves  only 
whipped  upon  application  to  the 
Burgomaster.  First  public  well 
dug  in  Broadwav.  j 

1G59,  The  ditch  through  i 
Broad  Street  lined  with  plank,  | 
Day  of  prayer  set  apart  in  Xew  < 
Amsterdam  on  account  of  the  | 
progress  of  Quaker  doctrines,  | 

1()(»4.  Charles  II.  came  to  the  j 
English  throne  in  1660,  and  soon  j 
after  assumed  the  Dutch  occu-  i 
pancy  in   North  America ;   he  j 
granted  the  entire  territory  to 
his  brother,  the  Duke  of  York.  | 
The  city  surrendered   to  the  \ 
British  fleet,  without  a  gun  be-  I 
ing  fired.  The  English  took  pos-  \ 
session  of  the  city  and  changed 
its  title  to  Xew  York,  in  honor  , 
of  the  Duke.    Population  of  the 
ciity  1,500.  I 

i6(>5o  Manhattan  Island  in-  ; 


corporated  under  the  govern- 
ment of  a  mayor,  aldennen,  and 
sheriff.  Severe  riot  between 
English  soldiers  and  inhabitants. 

1073.  The  Dutch  re-captured 
the  city,  and  named  it  Xew 
Orange.  A  wall  was  built  across 
the  Island  at  Wall  Street ;  hence 
its  name. 

1074.  The  city  was  restored 
to  the  British  Crown,  and  again 
called  Xew  York.  The  city  con- 
tained three  hundred  and  twen- 
ty-two houses. 

1070.  Vacant  lots  and  decayed 
buildings  ordered  to  be  valued 
and  disposed  of  to  those  willing 
to  build.  Tan  pits  and  canal  on 
Broad  Street  filled  up. 

1077.  Stephanus  Van  Cort- 
landt,  the  first  native-born 
mavor,  appointed, 

1 083.  The  first  constitutional 
assembly,  consisting  of  a  council 
of  ten,  and  eighteen  representa- 
tives, was  elected  to  aid  in  the 
administration  of  public  affairs, 

1 054.  Aldennen  and  Council- 
men  first  chosen  by  the  people, 

1055.  On  the  demise  of 
aiarl«  II. ,  the  Duke  of  York 
ascended  the  throne,  with  the 


AND  ITS   ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


15 


BLOCK  HOUSK  AM)  CITY  GATE,  FOOT  OF  WALL  STREET,  1074. 


title  of  James  II,  Tliis  bigoted 
monarch  signalized  himself  by 
forbidding  the  establishment  of  a 
printing-press  in  the  colony. 
Assessed  value  of  property  £75,- 
694. 

1 686.  Dougan  charter  grant- 
ed. 

1687.  Water  Street  laid  out 
in  the  East  River,  from  White- 
hall to  Old  Slip. 

1688.  Wall  Street  laid  out, 
thirty  feet  wide. 

161)1.  Leisler  hanged.  Second 
meat-market  established  ' '  under 
the  trees  by  the  slip  "  (Hanover 
Square).  Ducking  stool  (for 
punishment)  erected  on  the 
wharf  in  front  of  City  Hall. 

1691-?)5.  Yellow  fever  pre- 
vailed with  great  violence.  First 
meeting  of  general  assembly. 

1696.  Governor  Fletcher  ar- 
rived. Trinity  Church  was 
built  on  its  present  site,  and 


dedicated  February  16,  1697, 
when  the  first  divine  service  was 
performed  by  Rev.  Mr.  Vesey, 
the  first  regular  clergyman  sent 
from  England  as  rector.  The 
building  was  enlarged  in  1735 
and  1737,  and  destroyed  by  fire 
in  1776.  The  Friends  erected 
their  first  meeting-house  in  Lib- 
erty Street,  near  Nassau. 

1697.  It  was  resolved  "that 
lights  be  hung  out  in  the  dark 
time  of  the  moon,  within  this 
city  and  for  the  use  of  its  inhab- 
itants, and  that  every  seventh 
house  do  hang  out  a  lantern  with 
a  candle  in  it."  Piracy  flour- 
ished considerablv  in  this  region. 

1698.  Earl  of  Bellamont, 
Fletcher's  successor,  arrived. 

1699.  City  Hall  erected  in 
Wall  Street,  on  the  site  of  the 
present  Treasury  building. 

1702.  Lord  Cornbury,  a  de- 
spicable tyrant,  was  appointed 


IG  HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW   TO  SEK  NEW  YORK 


EAST  RIVER  M 


'WEEN  THE  i'j:i:.-im'  .luiiN  .sti;eet  and  peckslip.  1740. 


governor.  Free  grammar  school 
establislied. 

1703.  The  burial-ground  in 
Broadway  was  granted  to  the 
corporation  of  Trinity  Church 
forever,  "on  condition  of  keep- 
ing the  fence  in  order,  and  tak- 
ing no  more  for  burial  of  each 
person  of  twelve  years  and  up- 
wards than  ds.,  and  for  each 
child  Is.  6d." 

1704.  Beekman  swamp  leased 
by  the  city  for  twenty-one  years, 
at  20.9.  per  annum. 

1707.  Broadway  paved  from 
Bowling  Green  to  Trinity  church. 

1708.  Lord  Cornbury  re- 
moved, and  Lord  Lovelace  ap- 
pointed governor, 

1709.  Lord  Lovelace  died, 
and  Richard  Ingoldsby  suc- 
ceeded him.  Slave  market 
erected  foot  of  Wall  Street. 
First  paper  money  issued. 

1710.  Ingoldsby  dismissed, 
and  Gerard  Beekman  officiated 
as  governor  until  the  arrival  of 
Robert  Hunter,  who  had  been 
appointed  governor. 


1712.  Governor  Hunter  en- 
deavored to  prevail  on  the  as- 
sembly to  make  office-holders 
independent  of  the  people,  by 
allowing  officers  a  fixed  salary. 

1713.  A  Negro  plot  was  dis- 
covered, and  nineteen  of  those 
implicated  were  executed. 

1718.  Rope- walk  erected  on 
Broadway,  between  Barclay 
Street  and  Park  Place. 

1710,  Governor  Hunter  re- 
turned to  England  ;  Peter  Schuy- 
ler acted  as  his  successor. 

1720.  William  Burnet  arrived 
and  assumed  the  duties  of  gov- 
ernor. 

1725.  Wm.  Bradford  removed 
his  printing-office  from  Philadel- 
phia, in  1693,  and  issued  the  first 
newspaper,  "  llie  New  York  Ga- 
zette," in  this  city,  this  year. 

1727.  Burnet  left  New  York 
to  act  as  governor  of  Massachu- 
setts, and  was  succeeded  in 

1728.  By  Hon.  John  Mont- 
gomery as  governor. 

1720.  Dutch  church  erected 
in  Nassau  Street. 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


17 


MEAL  AND  SLATE  MARKET,  FOOT  OP  WALL  STREET,  1709. 


1730.  The  first  Jewish  syna- 
gogue was  built  in  Mill  Street, 
and  contained  a  living  spring,  in 
which  the  congregation  were  ac- 
customed to  perform  their  ablu- 
tions and  cleansings,  according 
to  their  religious  rites. 

1731.  Montgomery  died,  and 
Rip  Vandam,  as  eldest  Council- 
or, was  his  temporary  successor. 

1732.  Crosby  appointed  as 
Montgomery's  successor.  The 
church  recently  used  as  the  gen- 
eral Post  Office,  erected. 

1733.  November  5th.  John 
P.  Zinger  issued  the  first  num- 
ber of  a  democratic  paper,  enti- 
tled, ''The  New  York  Weekly 
Journal." 

1734.  Two  violent  parties  who 
distracted  the  province  —  the 
democratic  with  Vandam,  and 
the  aristocratic  with  Crosby. 
Each  party  had  a  newspaper  un- 
der control,  and  published  many 
bitter  and  mischievous  articles. 
The  squibs,  ballads,  serious 
charges,  and,  above  all,  home 
truths,  which  occasionally  ap- 
peared in  the  Journal,  irritated 


Crosby  and  his  council  to  mad- 
ness. November  2d,  an  order 
passed  the  council  for  burning 
four  numbers  of  the  Journal,  by 
the  hands  of  the  common  hang- 
man, or  whipper,  and  the  mayor 
and  magistrates  were  directed  to 
attend  its  execution ;  but  the 
magistrates  at  the  quarter  ses- 
sions would  not  permit  the  order 
to  be  entered,  and  the  aldermen 
protested  against  it,  as  an  arbi- 
trary and  illegal  injunction. 
Zinger  was  subsequently  ar- 
rested and  imprisoned  a  short 
time,  when  he  was  admitted  to 
bail,  and  resumed  his  paper. 

1736.  Governor  Crosby  died, 
and  George  Clarke  was  appointed 
as  his  successor. 

1738.  Market  built  in  Broad- 
way opposite  Liberty  (then 
Crown)  Street,  the  name  being 
changed  after  the  Revolution. 

1741.  "The  Negro  Plot,"  as 
it  was  called,  created  great  ex- 
citement among  the  people. 
March  18th,  about  midnight,  the 
house  in  the  fort  was  discovered 
to  be  on  fire,  when  a  number  of 


IS  HISTORY  OF  AXD  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


EAST  RIVER  SHORE,  NEAR  RUTGERS  STREET,  1710. 


buildings  were  destroyed.  The 
negroes  were  charged  with  com- 
bining to  burn  the  city,  and  mur- 
der all  the  whites,  which  charge 
was  supported  only  by  evidence 
of  the  most  questionable  char- 
acter. Rewards  were  offered — 
money  and  pardon  to  the  free, 
and  money,  pardon,  and  freedom 
to  the  slave — to  those  who  should 
accuse  themselves  or  others,  ac- 
cording to  the  dictates  of  the 
magistrates,  prompted  by  their 
fears.  A  great  number  of  ar- 
rests -vrere  made,  and  the  most 
ridiculous  stories  invented  by 
the  prisoners,  criminating  them- 
selves and  others.  The  princi- 
pal witness  was  a  wench  named 
Mary  Burton,  who  testified  to 
anything  required,  and  who  re- 
ceived £100  and  her  freedom, 
for  making  very  contradictory 
statements,  which  led  to  the 
conviction  of  several  persons 
who  were  innocent  of  the  crimes 
alleged  against  them.  The  re- 
sult was,  that,  after  undergoing 


I  the  forms  of  trial,  there  were 
four  whites  executed,  eleven  ne- 
groes burned,  eighteen  hanged, 
and  fifty  transported  and  sold. 
Yellow  fever  again  prevailed, 
attended  with  great  mortality. 

1 742.  The  fears  of  the  people 
were  again  aroused  by  live  coals 
of  fire  being  found  in  the  gutter 
of  a  house,  which  were  thrown 
there  by  a  negro  simpleton,  who 
was  made  to  expiate  his  idiocy 
on  the  gallows.  Every  occa- 
sional fire  Avas  attributed  to  ne- 
groes. A  malignant  epidemic 
fever  prevailed,  similar  to  the 
yellow  fever,  by  which  two  hun- 
dred and  seventeen  persons  died. 

1743.  Admiral  George  Clin- 
ton appointed  governor.  News- 
paper called  ''The  Postboy," 
published. 

1749.  In  this  year  two  hun- 
dred and  eighty-six  vessels  left 
New  York  with  cargoes,  jDrinci- 
pallv  of  flour  and  grain. 

1750.  February  26th.  The 
first  play  acted  in  the  colonies 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. 


.  ILLUSTRATED. 


19 


NORTH  RIVER  SHORE,  NEAR  LISPENARD  STREET,  1716. 


was  Shakspeare's  Richard  III. 
It  was  performed  in  a  room  pre- 
pared for  the  purpose  in  Nassau 
Street,  under  the  management 
of  Lewis  Hallam. 

1753.  Clinton  retired  from 
the  governorship  of  New  York, 
and  Sir  Danvers  Osborne  was 
sent  to  supply  the  vacancy. 
James  Delancy  was  appointed 
Lieut.  Governor.  Five  days  af- 
ter his  arrival.  Gov.  Osborne  was 
found  dead,  suspended  by  a 
handkerchief  to  the  fence  of  Mr. 
Murray's  garden.  It  was  after- 
wards known  that  he  had  been 
deranged. 

1755.  Admiral  Sir  Charles 
Hardy,  the  newly-appointed 
Governor,  arrived.  Ferry  es- 
tablished to  Staten  Island.  In 
this  year,  thirteen  thousand 
hogsheads  of  flaxseed  were 
shipped  abroad. 

175(>.  The  Hudson  River  re- 
mained open  to  Albany.  France 
and  England  again  declared  war, 
and  both  sent  troops  to  fight  in 


America.  Lord  Loudon  arrived 
at  New  York,  and  assumed  the 
duties  of  commander-in-chief. 

1757.  In  consequence  of  the 
prevalence  of  small -pox  in  New 
York,  the  assembly  met  at  Flat- 
bush,  L.  I.  The  "lower  part  of 
the  city  was  deserted. 

1704.  Stamp  Act  riot.  Heavy 
duties  imposed. 

1765.  A  Congress  of  delegates 
met  in  New  York,  and  prepared 
a  declaration  of  their  rights  and 
grievances.  The  arrival  of  the 
stamped  paper  marked  the  com- 
mencement of  a  struggle  which 
lasted  until  the  city  and  colony 
of  New  York,  and  other  colonies, 
were  forever  severed  from  the 
dominion  of  Great  Britain. 

1766.  The  odious  Stamp  Act 
was  repealed.  June  4th  (anni- 
versary of  the  King's  birth-day), 
the  first  liberty-pole  was  erected 
in  ''the  Fields,"  (the  Park)  by 
the  "  Sons  of  Liberty,"  to  com- 
memorate the  repeal  of  the 
Stamp  Act. 


20  IIISTOKY   OF  AND  IIOAV  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


CITY  HALL,  WALL  STREET,  OPPOSITE  BROAD  STREET,  1718. 


1768.  New  York  merchants 
agreed  to  stop  importing  foreign 
goods  until  tlieir  grievances  were 
redressed. 

17  70.  A  meeting  of  tliree 
thousand  citizens  was  held,  who 
resolved  not  to  submit  to  further 
oppression,  A  collision  occurred 
in  which  one  man  was  killed 
and  several  wounded.  In  this 
year  the  first  theatre  was  estab- 
lished in  John  Street. 

17  73.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Sons 
of  Liberty,  letters  were  read 
from  committees  in  Boston  and 
Philadelphia,  inviting  the  col- 
onies to  unite  in  resisting  the  in- 
sidious intentions  of  England  in 
imposing  the  tax  on  teas. 

1774.  Vigilance  committees 
agreed  to  resist  the  landing  of  | 
tea.  The  ship  Nancy  arrived 
laden  with  tea.  The  pilots  re- 
fused to  bring  her  beyond  Sandy 
Hook,  where  she  was  detained 
until  her  departure  for  England. 
Eighteen  chests  of  tea  found  in 


another  vessel  and  thrown  over- 
board. 

1775.  Delegates  elected  to  the 
Continental  Congress.  Frigate 
Asia  fired  on  the  town. 

1776.  This  was  an  eventful 
year  in  the  history  of  America 
and  of  New  York.  Articles  of 
Confederation  were  acted  upon 
in  Congress,  sitting  in  Philadel- 
phia, which  served  as  guides  in 
public  affairs.  Washington  ar- 
rived in  the  city.  An  extensive 
fire  occurred.  All  the  west  side 
of  Broadway,  from  Whitehall  to 
Barclay  Street,  was  destroyed. 

1780.  The  winter  was  very 
cold,  and  is  still  regarded  as  the 
hardest  of  "hard  winters."  The 
bay  of  New  York  was  closed  with 
solid  ice,  so  that  a  troop  of  horses 
and  artillery  crossed  to  Staten 
Island  on  this  immense  bridge, 
by  which  all  the  islands  in  the 
harbor  were  connected  with  one 
another,  and  with  the  main  land. 

1783.  November  25th.— Brit- 


AND  ITS  EN7IR0NS. — ILLUSTRATED. 


21 


THE  GREAT  DOCK,  NORTH  OF  WHITEHALL,  ON  EAST  RIVER,  1746. 


ish  evacuated  the  city.  General 
Washington,  accompanied  by  his 
friends  and  a  great  number  of 
citizens  on  horseback,  entered 
the  city  by  the  Bowery,  then  the 
only  road  :  the  British  troops 
had  embarked  on  their  fleet,  and 
were  standing  seaward  over  the 
bay.  The  American  flag  was 
hoisted  on  the  fort,  amid  a  sa- 
lute of  thirteen  guns,  and  was 
heartily  cheered.  --December  4th, 
at  noon,  the  officers  of  the  army 
assembled  at  Washington's  head- 
quarters (Praunces'  tavern,  cor- 
ner Pearl  and  Broad  Streets), 
for  the  purpose  of  taking  leave 
of  him.  After  this  painful  cere- 
mony, he  left  the  house,  and, 
passing  through  a  line  of  his 
brave  soldiers  to  Whitehall,  en- 
tered the  barge  in  waiting  for 
him.  He  then  turned  to  the 
multitude,  waved  his  hand,  and 
thus  bid  them  a  silent  adieu, 

1788.  "The  Doctor's  Riot," 
as  it  was  called,  created  a  high 
degree  of  excitement  for  many 
days,  which  originated  from 
some  indiscreet  exposure  of  por- 


tions of  a  human  body.  The 
doctors  were  mobbed  and  their 
houses  invaded. 

1789.  Washington  took  the 
oath  of  office  as  President  of  the 
United  States,  in  the  City  Hall 
on  Wall  Street,  and  entered  up- 
on the  duties  of  his  office. 

170(>.  The  "Old  State's  Pris- 
on," bounded  by  Christopher, 
Washington,  Charles  Streets, 
and  the  North  River,  was  used  as 
such  in  1797.  This  building  is 
now  occupied  as  a  brewery. 

1803.  Corner  stone  of  City 
Hall  laid  ;  completed  in  1812. 

1804.  Large  fire  on  Wall, 
Front  and  Water  Streets  ;  forty 
to  fifty  houses  destroyed.  July 
12th,  Hon.  Alexander  Hamil- 
ton, an  eminent  soldier  and  civ- 
ilian, died  in  New  York,  having 
been  wounded  the  day  previous 
in  a  duel  with  Col.  Aaron  Burr. 

1800.  April  10th.  Major- 
Gen.  Horatio  Gates,  the  hero 
of  Saratoga,  died  in  this  city, 
aged  78. 

1807.  August  ISth.  The  prac- 
ticability of  propelling  vessels 


22 


HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


NORTH  RIVER  SHORE,  NEAR  TRINITY  CHURCH,  1740. 


by  steam,  satisfactorily  demon- 
strated by  Robert  Fulton,  in  a 
trip  from  New  York  to  Albany, 
in  the  steamboat  "Clermont,"  in 
thirty  hours.  Free  school  society 
incorporated.  City  extended 
above  Canal  Street. 

IS  10.  November  21st.  George 
Frederick  Cooke,  an  English 
tragedian  of  unsurpassable  abil- 
ity, made  his  first  appearance 
in  America  as  Richard  III.,  at 
the  Park  Theatre. 

1811.  May  19.  The  third 
"great  fire"  broke  out  near  the 
corner  of  Chatham  and  Duane 
sts. ,  about  9  A.  M. ,  and  destroyed 
nearly  one  hundred  buildings  on 
both  sides  of  Chatham  street. 

1812.  War  \%ath  Great  Britain. 

1813.  The  remains  of  Captain 
James  Lawrence,  who  died  from 
wounds  received  on  board  the 
U.  S,  frigate  Chesapeake  while 
engaged  with  the  British  frigate 
Shannon,  brought  to  this  city, 
and  interred  in  Trinity  church- 
yard with  imposing  solemnity. 

lSl-1.  Jan.  5.  Extensive  fire, 
in  which  St.  George's  chapel  in 
Beekman  Street  was  destroyed. 


Oct.  29.  The  first  steam  vessel 
calculated  for  naval  warfare  was 
launched,  and  denominated  The 
Fulton. 

1815.  Feb.  24.  Robert  Ful- 
ton,  whose  name  is  identified 
with  steam  navigation,  died  in 
this  city,  aged  fifty  years. 

INIG.  Extremely  cold  season, 
hickory  wood  selling  for  $23  per 
cord,  and  cak  for  $15.  May  8. 
American  Bible  Society  formed. 

181  J).  Yellow  fever  prevailed 
for  a  short  time  ;  it  returned  with 
increased  violence  in  1822  and 
1823.  Lower  part  of  the  city 
fenced  off  and  deserted.  City 
government  removed  to  Green- 
wich, above  Canal  Street, 

1820.  Edmund  Kean,  the 
great  English  tragedian,  arrived. 

1822.  Fulton  Market  opened. 

1828.  May  27.  Great  match 
race  over  the  L.  I.  course,  for 
$20,000  a  side,  between  the  nor- 
thern horse  Eclipse  and  the  Vir- 
ginia horse  Sir  Henry  ;  won  by 
the  former. 

1824.  Gen.  Lafayette,  as  the 
"guest  of  the  nation,"  landed 
at  Castle  Garden,  and  was  re- 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. — ILLUSTRATED. 


23 


THE  BATTERY  IN  1746.  UNTIL  1U90,  THE  BATTER!'  WAS  USED  FOR  .MILITARY 
PURPOSES.  ABOUT  1792  MEASURES  WERE  TAKEN  FOR  FILLING  UP,  INCLOS- 
ING, AND  ADORNING  THE  PLACE  AS  A  PUBLIC  PARK. 


ceived  by  the  people  with,  un- 
paralleled enthusiasm. 

1825.  June  11.  Daniel  D. 
Tompkins  died,  aged  fifty  years, 
Nov.  4.  The  completion  of  the 
Erie  canal  was  celebrated.  The 
first  canal  boat  arrived  in  the 
morning,  accompanied  by  an  im- 
mense flotilla  of  steamers  and 
river  craft  from  Albany,  Troy, 
and  the  principal  towns  along 
the  Hudson,  which  were  joined 
by  numerous  steamers  belonging 
to  the  city  and  vicinity,  bedecked 
in  the  most  fanciful  manner, 
when  they  all  proceeded  to  San- 
dy Hook,  where  the  waters  of 
Lake  Erie  were  formallv  "wed- 
ded to  the  Atlantic."  The  im- 
posing civic  and  aquatic  proceed- 
ings in  the  city  and  harbor  were 
followed  bv  illuminations  of  the 
City  Hall,  Castle  Garden,  the  ho- 
tels, and  other  public  and  pri- 
vate houses. 

1826.  May  17.  The  corner- 
stone of  the  Bowery  Theatre  laid. 


1827.  November  14.  Thomas 
Addis  Emmet  died. 

182S.  Feb.  11.  De  Witt  Clin- 
ton, Governor  of  the  State,  died 
at  Albanv,  aged  sixty-one  years, 

1831.  'August  24.  Charles  F. 
Durant,  the  aeronaut,  ascended 
with  his  balloon  from  Castle  Gar- 
den, and,  after  being  an  hour 
and  ten  minutes  in  the  air,  de- 
scended on  the  spot  from  whence 
he  arose. — October  13.  Theatrical 
riot,  caused  by  Anderson,  an 
English  vocalist,  who  was  driven 
from  the  stage  of  the  Park  The- 
atre, for  disrespectful  remarks 
concerning  the  United  States. 

1832.  Cholera  raged  with 
great  violence,  carrying  of  3,513 
persons  ;  and  again  in  1834,  tak- 
ing off  971  persons. 

1835.  December  16,  The  most 
disastrous  fire  that  ever  occurred 
in  the  city,  destroying  674  build- 
ings in  the  lower  part  of  the 
city.  Estimated  loss  $20,000,000, 

1837.  Suspension   of  specie 


24  HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


FRENCH  (HUGUENOT)  CHURCH,  PINE  AND  NASSAU  8TS.,  17U4. 


payment ;  failure  and  bankrupt- 
cy throughout  the  country, 

1842.  Croton  water  introduced 
into  the  Forty-second  Street  res- 
ervoir. Grand  celebration  of  this 
important  event, 

1845.  July  19.  Great  fire  be- 
tween Broadway,  Exchange  PI,, 
Broad  and  Stone  Streets ;  loss 
$5,000,000, 

1848.  March  29,  John  Jacob 
Astor  died,  leaving  a  bequest  of 
$400,000  to  establish  and  main- 
tain a  public  library. 

184?>.  May.  Astor  Place  riot; 
Macready,  the  eminent  English 
tragedian,  driven  from  the  stage. 
5,071  persons  died  from  cholera. 

1 852.  First  city  railroad  built 
in  Sixth  Avenue. 

1853.  Crystal  Palace  Interna- 
tional Exhibition  opened  by  the 
President  of  the  United  States. 
The  building  was  destroyed  by 
fire  in  1858.  Legislature  passed 
an  act  creating  Central  Park. 

1856.  January  5.  Snow  fell  to 


the  depth  of  twenty  inches, 
which  drifted  so  badly  that  the 
city  was  nearly  impassable  for 
several  days.  Sunday,  May  25. 
Last  sermon  preached  in  "Old 
Brick  Church"  by  Rev.  Dr. 
Spring.  Dr.  Spring  was  installed 
pastor  in  1810.  The  church  was 
pulled  down  during  the  year. 

1857.  In  consequence  of  the 
resistance  of  Mayor  Wood  to  the 
Act  of  the  Legislature  changing 
the  control  of  the  police,  a  sav- 
age fight  ensued  between  the 
old  police,  who  adhered  to  the 
Mayor,  and  the  new,  or  Metro- 
politan police. 

1858.  Frederick  Law  01m- 
stead  and  Calvert  Vaux  had  their 
plans  for  laving  out  and  beauti- 
fying Central  Park  adopted. 

*  18()0.  Rebellion  inaugurated 
at  Charleston,  South  Carolina, 
December  20.  Decemljer  27. 
Forts  in  Charleston  harbor  seized, 
with  the  exception  of  Sumpter. 
1861.  January  2.  Fort  Pulas- 


AND  ITS   ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


25 


BROADWAY  AND  SPRING  STREET,  1820. 


ki,  Savannah,  occupied  by  rebels. 
Jan.  4.  Mobile,  Alabama,  Arsenal 
seized  by  rebels.  April  12.  Fort 
Sumpter  fired  on  by  rebel  bat- 
teries at  Charleston,  S.  C.  April 
15.  The  legislature  of  New  York 
voted  30,000  soldiers,  and  $3,000,- 
000  to  crush  the  rebellion.  April 
17.  Several  New  York  city  regi- 
ments tendered  their  services  to 
the  government  to  quell  the  re- 
bellion. April  18.  Sixth  Mas- 
sachusetts regiment  passed 
through  New  York  en  route  for 
Washington.  Fired  on  in  Balti- 
more. April  19.  The  Seventh 
Regiment  of  New  York  left  for 
Washington.  April  20.  Recep- 
tion of  General  Robert  Anderson, 
the  defender  of  Fort  Sumpter,  in 
New  York.  April  21.  The  Seven- 
ty-first, Twelfth,  and  Sixth  New 
York  city  regiments  left  for 
Washington.  April  23.  The  Twen- 
ty-third, Eighth,  and  Sixty-ninth 
regiments  of  New  York,  and  the 


Thirteenth  and  Twenty-eighth 
of  Brooklyn  left  for  the  war. 
During  the  Civil  War  New  York 
City  furnished  116,382  men,  at  a 
cost  of  $14,577,214.65. 

18(>3.  In  July  a  draft  was 
commenced  in  New  York  City. 
July  13,  14,  and  15,  riots  occur- 
red. Mobs  had  possession  of 
the  city  for  three  days.  Offices 
where  the  draft  was  going  on 
were  demolished,  and  the  build- 
ings were  burned ;  stores  and 
dwellings  were  rifled.  The  mob 
directed  their  fury  particularly 
against  negroes,  several  of  whom 
were  murdered.  The  colored  or- 
phan asylum  on  Fifth  Avenue 
was  pillaged  and  burnt  down. 
Collisions  between  the  mob  and 
the  military  frequently  occurred. 
Many  persons  were  killed  dur- 
ing the  prevalence  of  the  riot. 
The  city  paid  above  $1,500,000 
as  indemnity  for  losses  that  oc- 
curred during  the  riot. 


26 


HISTORY  OF  AND   HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


ST.  THOMAS'  CHURCH,  CORNER  BROADWAY  AND  HOU5TOX  STREET,  1S30. 


1866.  Cliolera  raged  in  New 
York.  There  were  1,212  deaths 
by  the  epidemic. 

I  S  70.  New  Charter  passed  for 
city  by  Legislature.  By  it  the 
Mayor  and  Councilmen  are  elect- 
ed by  the  people  at  large. 

1871.  July  12.  On  the  occa- 
sion of  a  procession  of  Protes- 
tant Irish  Orangemen,  a  riot  oc- 
curred, the  Roman  Catholic  Irish 
being  the  aggressors.  Threats 
of  assault  having  been  given, 
the  Orangemen  were  protected 
by  the  military.  Stones,  pistols, 
and  guns  being  discharged  at  the 
militia,  several  being  killed  and 
wounded,  the  order  was  given 
to  the  soldiers  to  fire  on  the  riot- 
ers. Five  soldiers,  and  about  a 
hundred  rioters  were  killed.  In 
this  year  the  Tweed  Ring  frauds 
were  exposed,  and  the  Ring  bro- 


ken. $50, 000, 000  was  stolen  from 
the  city  in  two  and  a  half  years. 

187B.  Part  of  Westchester 
County,  comprising  1,300  acres, 
was  annexed  to  the  City  of  New 
York. 

1874.  Jan.  13.  Workingmen's 
mass  meeting  at  Tompkins 
Square  dispersed  bv  the  police. 
—Nov.  30.  Mayor  Wm.  F.  Have- 
mever  died.  Dec.  3.  Booth's 
Theatre  sold  for  $385,000. 

1875.  Jan.  2,  Mutiny  on 
school-ship  Mercury.  Jan.  24. 
East  River  closed  with  ice,  on 
which  20,000  persons  crossed. 
Feb.  East  and  North  Rivers 
closed  with  ice  ;  3,000  hydrants 
closed  up  ;  10,000  houses  with- 
out water.  St.  Andrew's  church 
crushed  by  a  falling  wall — 8 
killed,  28  wounded.  Aug.  28. 
New  Post-office  opened. 


>rEW  YORK  CITY,  FROM  BROOKLTN,  WITH  BRIDGE  CROSSING  THE  EAST  KIVER. 

NEW  YORK, 

THE  METROPOLIS  OF  THE  XEW  WOELD. 


MANHATTAN  ISLAND.-PAST  AND  PRESENT. 

WO  hundred  and  seventy  years  ago  the  site  of  Xew 
York  was  an  unbroken  wilderness.  Instead  of  splen- 
did streets  and  broad  avenues,  the  wild  hunters'  -u-inding 
paths  ;  in  the  place  of  princely  stores  and  magnificent 
dwellings,  the  rude  wigwams  of  the  Aborigines  were  to 
be  found.  It  must  have  been  glorious  in  its  sublime  wildness, 
covered  with  the  grand  old  woods,  trees  planted  by  God's  own 
hand,  in  whose  branches  the  birds  made  the  air  vocal  with  their 
melody.  Here  the  Indian  roamed  in  undisturbed  majesty.  What 
a  mighty  change  since  the  "  U^'df  Moon"  first  sailed  up  the  noble 
river  that  bears  the  name  of  its  discoverer  !  Rome,  the  eternal 
city ;  London,  the  metro])olis  of  England  ;  Paris,  the  heart  of 
France,  and  many  other  distinguished  cities  of  the  world,  can  be 
traced  to  similar  small  beginnings. 


28 


HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


THE  TREATY  BETWEEN  GOVERNOR  MINUIT  AND  THE  ABORIGINES  FOB  THE 
SALE  OF  MANHATTAN  ISLAND  IN  1626. 


It  seems  almost  incredible,  and  yet  it  is  a  matter  of  history,  that 
in  1626  the  whole  Island  of  Manhattan  was  purchased  from  the 
natives  for  twenty-four  dollars,  or  its  equivalent.  Compare  that 
sum  with  the  present  estimated  value  of  the  real  estate  of  the  city, 
which  exceeds  $812,000,000.  In  1650  the  entire  population  was 
less  than  one  thousand  ;  in  1876  over  a  million  human  beings  live 
upon  the  Island.  If  such  vast  accessions  of  wealth  and  population 
have  characterized  the  history  of  the  past,  how  is  it  possible  to 
compute  the  magnitude  of  the  future  in  the  constantly-increas- 
ing resources  of  the  onward  progress  of  this  favored  city  ? 

The  stranger  who  visits  the  city  of  New  York  for  the  first  time, 
naturally  desires  to  know  something  more  about  the  "Metropolis 
OF  THE  New  World  "  than  has  been  afforded  by  the  limited  and 
unsatisfactory  sketches  which  have,  from  time  to  time,  been  pub- 
lished. The  extraordinary  desire  for  information  in  reference  to 
the  History  and  important  Events  of  the  past,  as  well  as  of  the 
present,  is  generally  acknowledged.  There  are  many  old  and  in- 
teresting localities  scattered  in  and  around  the  city  and  its  suburbs 
that  are  unknown,  even  to  residents  of  many  years,  and  when 
pointed  out,  are  regarded  with  respect  and  often  with  venera- 
tion. One  of  the  purposes  of  this  work  is  to  collect  and  give  a 
description  of  such  points  of  interest  as  may  serve  to  guide  the 
stranger  in  his  anxiety  for  historical  information. 


AND  ITS  EXVIROXS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


29 


APPROACHES  TO  THE  CITY. 
The  inland  means  of  transit  whereby  a  stranger  may  reach  the 
city  are  so  numerous,  well  known,  and  constantly  increasing,  that 
it  is  considered  superfluous  and  almost  impossible  to  particularize 
them.  Accommodations  for  egress  are  to  be  found  at  convenient 
l^oints  of  the  city,  the  principal  depots  of  which  are  given  on  p.  93. 

ADVICE  TO  STRANGERS. 
To  our  friends  from  the 
country  who  are  visiting  the 
city  for  the  first  time,  we 
offer  a  few  suggestions  that 
may  assist  them  in  their  ef- 
forts to  see  the  city  to  the 
best  advantage,  and  with  the 
greatest  economy  of  time 
and  convenience  : 

If  possible,  reach  the  city 
in  the  day-time. 

Avoid  being  too  free  with 
strangers. 

On  reaching  the  depot  or 
landing,  take  the  car  or  stage 
which  passes  nearest  your 
stopping  place. 

If  a  carriage  is  engaged, 
make  a  bargain  with  the 
driver  before  entering  the 
vehicle.  Your  trunk  or  va- 
lise may  accompany  you  ;  or 
have  your  baggage  checked 
by  an  authorized  agent  of  an 
Express  Company,  whom  you  will  find  on  the  car  or  boat,  and  for 
which  take  his  receipt.  This  will  relieve  you  of  further  trouble, 
as  your  baggage  can  be  delivered  at  any  place  in  the  city  or  vicin- 
ity, within  a  few  hours  and  at  a  stipulated  price. 

If  you  are  obliged  to  make  inquiries  on  the  street,  apply  to  a 
policeman  or  go  into  a  respectable  place  of  business. 
Avoid  all  crowds,  particularly  at  night. 

Careful  attention  to  your  own  business  will  insure  freedom  from 
annoyance  or  interruption. 


30  HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


BAY  AND  HAKBUll  nF  NEW  YOIUv,  FllOM  FOKT  RICHMOND. 


APPROACH  FROM  THE  SEA. 

EW  YORK,  or  New  Amsterdam,  as  it  formerly  was 
called,  is  situated  on  Manhattan  Island,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Hudson  and  East  Rivers,  about  eighteen 
miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  in  latitude  40%  42',  43". 
Its  chartered  limits  embrace  the  entire  Island,  from  the 
Battery  north  to  Kingsbridge,  a  distance  of  thirteen  and  a  half 
miles,  with  an  average  breadth  of  about  two  miles.  It  possesses 
a  Bay  which  is  one  of  the  finest  and  largest  in  the  world,  and  pos- 
sibly the  stranger  who  comes  from  abroad  to  visit  our  first 


CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION, 
or  for  other  purposes,  will  discover  that  the  entrance  to  the 
harbor  of  no  other  maritime  port  is  more  interesting  or  pic- 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


31 


SOUTH- WESTERN   END  OF  MANHATTAN   ISLAND   (NOW  KNOWN  AS   THE  BATTERY) 
AT  THE  TlilE  OF  THE  DISCOVERY  BY  HENRY  HUDSON,  1609.* 


tiiresque.  As  he  leans  on  tlie  taffrail  of  the  steamer,  within 
whose  narrow  confines  he  feels  he  too  long  has  found  a  home,  and, 
wearied  with  oceanic  monotony,  strains  his  anxious  eves,  longing 
to  gladden  them  with  the  welcome  sight  of  land,  one  of  the  first 
objects  to  meet  his  gaze  will  be  the  beacon  on  the  Neyersink 
Highlands  of  New  Jersey.  Xext  will  appear  that  barren  waste 
which  has  most  appropriately  been  named  Sandy  Hook,  with  its 
lighthouse  and  uncompleted  fortifications.  As  he  is  borne  on  past 
the  countless  reefs  and  buoys,  Rakitan  Bay — in  the  midst  of 

*  "  On  the  right,  or  eastern  bank  of  the  river,  from  its  month,  dwell  the 
Manhattce,  or  Manatthanes,  a  fierce  nation,  and  hostile  to  onr  people,  from  whom, 
nevertheless,  they  purchased  the  island  or  point  of  land  which  separated  from 
the  main  by  Helle-gat,  and  where  they  laid  the  foundations  of  a  city  called  New 
Amsterdam.  The  barbarians  are  divided  into  many  nations,  and  the  people 
differ  much  from  one  another  in  language,  though  very  little  in  manners. 
Their  clothing  is  composed  of  the  skins  of  wild  animals.  Their  food  princi- 
pally consists  of  maize,  or  Indian  corn  (from  which  they  bake  cakes),  fish,  birds, 
and  wild  game.  Their  weapons  are  bows  and  arrows,  the  latter  pointed  with 
sharp  flint-stones,  or  the  bones  of  fishes.  Their  boats  are  one  piece  of  wood, 
hollowed  out  by  fire  from  the  solid  trunks  of  trees.  Many  of  them  have  fixed 
places  of  abode,  and  dwellings  built  with  rafters,  in  the  form  of  an  oven,  cov- 
ered over  with  skins  and  the  barks  of  trees,  so  large  that  they  are  suflacient  for 
several  families." — De  Laet's  Description  of  New  Netherlands. 


32  HISTORY  OF  AND   IIOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


which,  on  an  artificial  island,  are  located  the  Quarantine  buildings 
— spreads  out  before  him  on  the  left,  washing  the  beach  of  Staten 
Island,  whose  hills  and  hights .  rise  up  against  the  horizon  clad 
with  verdure  or  coated  with  snow,  and  dotted  here  and  there  with 


NEW  AMMi.KW.'..M    (UrrCH  (.OVKKNMKNT)  IN   lU5U.      THE  FUllT,  CHUKCH,  AND 
MILITARY  QUARTERS  ON  THE  BATTERY.* 


villas  and  cottages,  Nearing  the  Narrows,  as  the  neck  of  water 
which  separates  Staten  from  Long  Island  is  called,  the  shores  of 
the  former  will  be  seen  to  be  bristling  with  the  batteries  of  Forts 
Tompkins  and  Richmond,  and  those  of  the  latter  with  fifteen-inch 
Rodman  guns  (capable  of  carrying  a  thousand -pound  shot  a  dis- 

*  "  Fort  George  was  the  pride  of  the  city  in  its  early  days.  As  originally  con- 
structed, it  was  bounded  by  the  present  State,  Bridge,  and  Whitehall  streets, 
and  faced  the  Bowling  Green.  It  changed  names  often  and  suddenly.  Chris- 
tened Fort  Amsterdam  by  the  peaceful  Dutch,  it  became  Fort  James  at  the  first 
occupation  of  the  island  by  the  British.  When  the  Dutch  re-occupied  the  city 
they  gave  their  old  stronghold  the  name  of  Fort  Wilhelm  Hendrick,  in  honor  of 
the  Prince  of  Orange.  Afterward  English  governors  gave  it  successively  the 
names  of  Fort  James,  Fort  William,  and  Fort  William  Henry.  Finally  the  name 
Fort  George  was  fixed  upon,  and  that  title  it  continued  to  bear  until  it  was 
finally  evacuated  by  the  British.  It  had  four  points,  or  bastions,  and  could 
mount  sixty  guns,  though  Washington  found  but  six  cannon  there  when  he  first 
occupied  the  city.  Within  the  walls  were  the  Governor's  house  and  a  chapel. 
By  the  time  the  Revolution  was  ended  Fort  George  had  become  thoroughly  hate- 
ful to  the  people,  because  of  its  associations  with  British  tyranny.  They  had 
grown  tired  of  seeing  the  royal  flag  floating  from  the  flag-staflf,  and  petitioned 
the  city  authorities  to  level  the  fort  to  the  ground.  Accordingly,  in  1788,  the 
Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  Commonalty  decreed  its  demolition."— J,  F.  Mines,  in 
Scribner's  Magazine. 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


33 


tance  of  five  miles),  while  in  the  stream  itself  stands  Fort  Lafay- 
ette, a  dark,  low,  forbidding-looking  structure,  now  little  more 
than  a  ruin,  but  within  whose  walls  many  noted  State  prisoners 
were  confined  during  the  late  Rebellion.  Yonder,  indenting  the 
coast  to  the  right  of  Fort  Hamilton,  is  Gravesend  Bay,  where 
the  English  effected  a  landing  (August  22,  1776)  previous  to  the 
battle  of  Long  Island,  and  a  little  further  beyond  is  Coney 
Island,  a  famous  resort,  during  the  summer  months,  of  lovers  of 
surf-bathing. 


NEW  yOllK  UNlJKIl  F.NGLltiH  CiOVKllNM KNT.      THli  I'OllT,  GOVKENOR'S  HOUSE, 
CHURCH  AND  MILITARY  QUARTERS  ON  THE  BATTERY  IN  1746. 


Passing  on  through  the  Narrows,  the  waters  of  the  harbor  are 
entered.  On  the  right,  during  the  passage,  may  be  observed 
GowANUs  Bay  and  a  portion  of  Greenwood  Cemetery,  the 
Brooklyn  and  Erie  Basins,  Brooklyn  City  and  Rights  ; 
while,  on  the  left,  Staten  Island  continues  as  far  as  the  Kill  von 
KuLL,  which  parts  it  on  the  north  from  New  Jersey.  Bedloe's, 
Governor's,  and  Ellis'  (formerly  called  Oyster)  Islands,  all  of 
which  are  fortified,  are  now  in  view,  as  is  also  the  Island  op 
Manhattan  (the  Indian  name  was  Manahatta),  on  which  New 
York  has  been  built.  Lying  between  two  broad  rivers,  the  Hud- 
son and  the  East,  which  separate  it  from  Jersey  City  and  Brook- 
lyn, it  presents  a  most  imposing  appearance,  with  its  miles  of 
wharfing  and  shipping  on  either  side.  The  first  point  observable 
is  that  part  of  the  lower  end  of  the  city  termed  "  The  Battery," 
so  called  because  once  the  site  of  a  battery  erected  there  by  the 
early  settlers. 


34  HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


THE  BATTERY, 

whicli  is  now  one  of  the  pleasautest  of  our  several  miniature  parks, 
and  wliich  commands  a  most  picturesque  view,  is  closely  identified 
with  the  earlier  history  of  New  York.  The  adventurous  Hudson 
paused  in  his  voyage  of  discovery,  anchored  that  quaint  Dutch 
lugger,  The  Half  Moon,  and  landed  on  its  inviting  shores  in  Sep- 
tember, 1600  ;  here  the  pristine  fortifications  of  New  Amsterdam 
were  thrown  up,  the  first  of  which  being  erected  in  ;  and 
here,  too,  the  first  basin  for  the  reception  of  vessels  was  inclosed. 


THE  BATTERY  IN  1876. 


the  first  wharf  being  built  by  Daniel  Litschoe,  a  tavern  keeper,  in 
1654,  near  the  foot  of  Broad  street.  Pearl  street  then  forming  the 
water  line.  Within  its  confines  the  "  Liberty  Boys  "  were  wont  to 
hold  their  patriotic  meetings  immediately  preceding  the  outbreak 
of  the  Revolution  ;  General  Washington  and  many  of  his  officers 
once  were  familiar  with  its  shaded  walks  ;  the  British  forces  under 
Sir  Guy  Carleton,  evacuating  the  city,  embarked  from  this 
point,  Nov,  25,  1783  (a  date  still  remembered  and  celebrated  as 
Evacuation  Day).  What  were  then  considered  palatial  mansions 
loomed  up  here  and  there,  and  among  the  spreading  trees — some 
of  which  may  yet  be  seen — the  elite  of  fashionable  society  at  one 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


35 


time  were  accustomed  to  stroll,  and  even  less  than  half  a  century 
ago  this  was  a  favorite  promenade. 

One  of  the  most  prominent  features  of  the  Battery  is  that  gro- 
tesque old  building  known  as  Castle  Garden,  Unseemly  as  its 
appearance  now  is,  its  story  is  not  uninteresting.  Its  site  originally 
was  occupied  by  a  fort  (known  as  Castle*.Clinton),  which  finally 
gave  place  to  a  Summer  Garden,  to  which  fact  it  owes  its  name, 
and  the  location  being  a  good  one,  it  speedily  became  a  social 
resort  of  no  little  note.  It  was  here  the  Corporation  publicly 
welcomed  many  distinguished  visitors,  principal  among  whom 
may  be  mentioned  the  Marquis  de  Lafayette  (1824),  General 
Jackson  (1832),  and  President  Tyler  (1843).  On  the  occasion  of 
its  next  change  of  character  it  was  opened  as  a  concert-hall,  and 
when  Jenny  Lind  came  to  America  in  1850,  she  made  her  debut 
on  its  stage  in  September  of  that  year.  Mario,  Grisi,  St.  Jul- 
lien,  and  many  other  great  artistes,  have  held  the  public  spell- 
bound within  its  walls.  But  both  business  and  residences  were 
gradually  creeping  uptown-wards,  and  new  halls  and  places  of 
amusement  more  conveniently  situated  were  found  to  be  neces- 
sary, and  the  old  stand-by  was  soon  forgotten,  and  in  1858  the 
Commissioners  of  Emigration  took  possession  of  it,  since  which 
time  it  has  served  as  a  landing  depot  for  emigrants. 

For  a  number  of  years  previous  to  1870,  the  Battery,  which  dur- 
ing the  late  Rebellion  was  used  by  the  United  States  Government 
as  a  barrack-station,  was  neglected  and  allowed  to  go  to  ruin,  but 
during  1870  and  1871  it  was  re-laid  out  and  improved  to  its  present 
condition.  On  its  eastern  water  front  are  situated  the  Staten 
Island  and  the  Atlantic  and  Hamilton  (both  ferries  to  Brooklyn) 
ferry-houses,  from  whose  doors  may  be  taken  various  stage  and 
horse-car  lines  for  the  upper  part  of  the  city. 

Whitehall  street — named  after  a  fifteen-gun  battery  which 
stood  at  its  foot  in  1695 — leads  from  this  part  of  the  Battery  to 
Bowling  Green  and  Broadway.  The  Dutch  called  it  Winckel-straat 
(the  shop  street),  in  1656,  and  paved  it  in  1658.  Its  most  notable 
building  of  to-day  is  the  Corn  Exchange.  Before  reaching  the 
Green  it  will  be  necessary  to  cross  Pearl,  Bridge,  and  Stone  streets, 
each  of  which  are  deserving  of  notice. 

What  is  now  known  as  Pearl  street — extending  in  an  irregu- 
lar course  from  the  Battery  to  Broadway — ^has  borne  a  variety  of 
names.  West  of  Broad  street  it  was  called  Perel-straat,  in  1656, 
and  east  of  Broad  street,  Hoogh-straat.    Other  parts  of  it  were 


3G  HISTORY  OF  AND   IIOAV   TO  SEE  NEAV  YORK 

termed  Smith's  Valley,  the  Waal,  and  the  Water-dde,  during  1657 ; 
Dock  street  and  Great  Queen  street,  in  1691 ;  and  Queen  street,  in 
1798.  In  1797  these  sections,  which  then  extended  as  far  as  Chat- 
ham street,  were  consolidated  under  one  title.  Pearl  street. 
Beyond  this  point  it  was  styled  Magazine  street,  until  1807,  since 
when  it  has  borne  as  an*  entirety  its  present  title.  On  this  street, 
at  the  head  of  Coenties'  Slip,  the  City  Hall  of  New  Amsterdam  was 
built  in  1642.  Here  the  Schout,  Burgomasters,  and  Schepens  held 
their  sessions.  It  was  torn  down  in  1700.  Near  by,  between 
Whitehall  and  Broad  streets,  was  located  the  Custom  House,  in 
1728,  and  the  first  church,  erected  in  1626,  was  on  the  same 
block. 

Stone  street,  originally  Brouwer-straat  (the  brewer's  street), 
received  its  present  name  in  1676,  and  was  the  second  street  paved 
with  stone  (1657).  Bridge  street  was  called  de  Brugh-straat, 
because  it  led  to  a  bridge  across  a  ditch  or  canal,  at  the  foot  of 
Broad  street.  The  Battery,  Whitehall  and  Bridge  streets,  and 
Bowling  Green,  were  the  boundaries  of  the  old  fort  which  Van 
Twiller  built  in  1633,  at  an  expense  of  $1,680.  This  was  consid- 
ered at  the  time  to  be  an  immense  fortification,  and  contained  the 
Governor's  house,  a  church,  officers'  quarters,  and  a  garrison  of 
three  hundred  soldiers. 

BOWLING  GREEN. 

Bowling  Green  is  by  no  means  devoid  of  historical  associations.  In 
the  old  Dutch  times  it  was  the  green  of  the  village,  "  the  scene  of 
festive  occasions  and  public  rejoicings,  the  parade  of  the  military, 
and  treaty  ground  with  the  savages."  In  1659  it  served  as  a  cattle- 
mart,  and  in  1676  a  market-fair  was  held  there  on  Thursdays,  Fri- 
days, and  Saturdays.  It  was  known  as  The  Parade  in  1728,  and 
in  1732  the  Corporation  directed  that  some  land  at  the  lower  end 
of  Broadway  should  be  enclosed  ' '  to  make  a  Bowling  Green,  with 
walks  therein,  for  the  beauty  and  ornament  of  said  street,  as  well 
as  for  the  delight  of  the  inhabitants  of  this  city."  The  iron  rail- 
ing which  now  surrounds  the  park  in  the  center  of  the  Green,  was 
placed  there  in  1770  to  protect  a  leaden  equestrian  statue  of  George 
III.,  erected  that  year.  Six  years  later,  on  the  evening  when  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  was  read  to  the  populace  of  New 
York,  this  statue  was  pulled  down  and  melted  into  bullets,  pro- 
ducing, it  is  said,  forty-two  thousand.  Each  iron  rail  of  the  fence 
was  ornamented  with  a  ball,  but  these  were  knocked  ofE  at  the 


AND   ITS   ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


37 


same  time,  and  were  afterwards  used  as  cannon  ammunition.  The 
pedestal  was  carried  away  also,  and,  as  late  as  1855,  it  served  as 
doorstep  to  the  Van  Vorst  residence  in  Jersey  City,  On  the  south- 
east border  of  the  Green,  where  now  stand  a  row  of  brick  build- 
ings used  as  steamship  company  offices,  a  mansion  was  erected  for 
George  Washington,  which,  however,  he  never  occupied,  owing 
to  the  removal  of  the  General  Government  from  the  city.  For  a 
time  it  was  the  abode  of  Gov.  George  Clinton  and  of  John  Jay, 
and  for  several  years  it  was  used  as  the  Custom-office. 

Here,  at  Bowling  Green,  Broadway,  the  grandest  of  modern 
thoroughfares,  has  its  beginning. 


BROADWAY. 

In  1656,  when  the  streets  of  New  Amsterdam  were  named, 
Broadway  was  called  De  Ileere-strant  (principal  street),  and  in  1677 
it  received  its  present  title.  In  1791,  that  portion  north  of  Cham- 
bers street  was 
known  as  Great 
George  street, 
but  in  1804  that 
name  was  drop- 
ped. In  1665 
it  boasted  of 
only  twenty-one 
buildings,  but 
in  two  years  the 
number  was  in- 
creased to  sixty- 
five.  It  was  the 
first  street  of 
the    city  that 

was  lighted  at  night,  in  conformity  with  an  ordinance  passed  in 
1697,  which  ordered  that  the  inhabitants  of  "  every  seaventh  house 
doe  every  night  in  the  darke  time  of  the  moon,  until  the  25  March 
next,  cause  a  Ian  thorn  and  a  candle  to  be  hung  out  on  a  pole  every 
night.  The  charge  to  be  defrayed  in  equal  proportion  by  the  In- 
habitants." 

Xo,  1  Broadway,  built  by  Captain  Kennedy  in  1760,  formerly 
known  as  the  Kennedy,  and  now  as  the  Washington  House,  was 
occupied  at  different  times  during  the  Revolution  by  Lords  Howe 


WASHINGTON  HOUSE. 


BROADWAY. 


38  HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 

and  CoRNWALLis,  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  and  General  Washington, 
and  it  was  in  one  of  its  rooms  that  the  ill-fated  Major  Andre  re- 
ceived his  last  instructions.  During  Talleyi^and's  exile  in  this 
country,  in  1793  and  1794,  he  resided  here  for  a  time.  No.  3  was 
the  residence  of  the  traitor  Benedict  Arnold,  after  his  desertion 
from  the  Continental  army  and  his  entrance  into  English  service". 
No  11,  noted  as  having  been  the  site  of  the  famous  tavern  of  Bur- 
gomaster Martin  Kruger,  and  as  the  King's  Arms  in  1763,  was  the 
head-quarters  of  General  Gage  when  the  Revolution  broke  out. 

A  short  distance  north  of  Morris  street,  on  the  west  side  of 
Broadway,  was  situated  the  first  graveyard  of  New  Amsterdam,  of 
which  one  Claes  Van  Elslant  was  grave-digger.  In  1676  it  was 
divided  into  four  lots,  25  by  100,  and  sold  at  auction.  A  few  years 
ago  the  Empire  building,  built  of  sandstone,  on  the  coi-uer  of  Rec- 
tor street  and  Broadway,  was  considered  quite  a  handsome  edifice, 
but  it  now  looks  very  plain  when  compared  with  the  massive  and 
rather  too  gorgeous  structures  which  of  late  have  raised  their 
heads  along  the  great  thoroughfare,  and  it  is  possible  that  in  the 
eyes  of  some  its  plainness  and  simplicity  may  be  preferable  to  the 
ostentatious  pretension  of  many  of  its  rivals.  Passing  down  Rec- 
tor to  New  Church  street,  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Com- 
pany's instrument  manufactory  may  be  seen,  and  next  above  it, 
constructed  of  sandstone,  is  the  Trinity  School.  Strolling  along 
Church  to  Cortlandt  street,  a  very  substantial  looking  building 
looms  up.  It  is  the  Coal  and  Iron  Exchange.  The  first  story  is 
of  gray  marble,  the  five  upper  stories  are  of  brick  trimmed  with 
marble,  the  whole  surmounted  with  a  steep  Mansard  roof,  with  a 
tower  on  the  southeast  corner. 

Returning  to  Broadway,  will  be  discovered,  facing  Wall  street, 

TRINITY  CHURCH  AND  GRAVEYARD. 

The  first  Trinity  Church  was  erected  in  1696,  and  incorporated 
as  the  Parish  Church  in  1697.  The  Rev.  Wm.  Vesey  was  the  first 
rector.  The  church  was  enriched  in  1703  by  a  gift  from  Queen 
Anne  of  what  was  then  known  as  the  King's  Farm,  and  again  in 
1705  by  the  presentation  of  the  Queen's  Farm — a  tract  of  land 
extending  from  St.  Paul's  church,  bounded  by  Broadway  and  the 
Hudson  river,  to  Skinner's  Road,  now  Christopher  street.  The 
church  was  enlarged  in  1735,  and  again  in  1737.  It  was  burned  in 
the  great  fire  of  1776,  but  was  rebuilt  in  1778,  and  consecrated  by 
Bishop  Provost  in  1791.    It  was  torn  down  in  1839  to  give  place 


AND   ITS   ENVIEONS.  ILLUHTRATSD. 


39 


to  the  present  structure,  wliicli  was  completed  and  opened  in  1848. 
The  Trinity  Church  of  to-day  is  entirely  of  brown  stone,  the  roof 
excepted.  The  building  is  190  feet  long,  80  feet 
wide,  and  with  the  spire  is  284  feet  in  hight. 
That  part  of  the  tower  to  which  visitors  are  per- 
mitted to  climb  is  198  feet  in  hight,  and  com- 
mands one  of  tlie  linest  views  in  New  York, 
The  chimes  of  Trinity  are  not  surpassed  by  any 
in  the  city,  possibly  by  none  in  the  country. 

The  graveyard  which  surrounds  the 
church  should  not  be  neglected  by  the 
sight-seer.    Many  Huguenot  refugees  are 


TRINITY  CHUKCH,  BROADWAY,  1876. 

buried  there,  as  also  are  a  number  of  persons  of  more  or  less  emi- 
nence. Alex.  Hamilton,  Gen.  Lamb,  Col.  Mahtnus  Willets, 
Capt.  Lawrence  and  Lieut.  Ludlow  of  the  Chesapeake,  Robert 
Fulton,  Albert  Gallatin,  Earl  of  Sterling,  and  Gen.  Phil. 


40  HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


Kearney,  are  among  the  number.  Tliousands  have  read  the  sad 
but  true  story  of  Charlotte  Temple,  and  will  be  interested  in  the 
fact  that  she  sleeps  here  in  peace.  In  the  northeastern  corner  of 
the  grounds,  facing  Broadway,  a  costly  monument  has  been  erected 
in  honor  of  the  memory  of  the  hundreds  of  patriots  who  perished 
in  the  prison  hulks  while  the  English  held  possession  of  the  city 
during  the  Revolution. 

WALL  STREET. 

This  well-known  thoroughfare,  which  extends  from  Trinity 
Church  to  the  East  River,  originally  formed  the  line  of  fortification 
erected  in  1653,  in  protection  of  the  city — hence  its  name,  the 


WALL  AKD  BKOAD  STREETS.     DREXEL  BUILDING  AND  NEW  YORK  STOCK 
EXCHANGE. 


Wnals,  or  Wall  street.  It  has  been  called  De  Cingel  nf  te  Stradt 
Ward,  or  the  Walk  along  the  City  Wall  (1665),  the  Walls  (1677), 
and  since  1695  it  has  borne  its  present  title.  The  city  wall  was 
thrown  up  in  1653,  and  strengthened  with  palisades  or  posts,  set 
six  feet  apart,  sided  up  with  boards.  Its  length  was  2,340  feet, 
and  its  cost  was  about  $1,500.  Two  stone  bastions  were  constructed 
on  its  line,  one  on  the  corner  of  Wall  and  Broadway,  and  the  other 
at  William  and  Wall  streets. 

At  Xassau  street  stands  the  U.  S.  Treasury  and  Assay  Office 
building,  which  lately  was  the  Custom-house.  In  former  days 
this  was  the  site  of  the  "  New  City  Hall,"  erected  in  1700  (see  p. 
20),  and  which  was  called  Federal  Hall  in  1789.  In  front  of  the 
City  Hall  there  were  placed  in  1709  a  cage,  whipping-post,  pillory. 


AND  ITS  ENVIKONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


41 


and  stocks,  for  tlie  punisliment  of  criminals.  Within  its  doors 
were  held  the  sessions  of  the  Common  Council,  Provincial  Assem- 
bly, Supreme  Court,  and  the  Mayor  and  Admiralty  Courts.  It  also 
was  the  place  for  elections,  and,  for  a  time,  was  used  as  the  City 
Prison.  One  of  its  chambers  contained  the  Public  Library,  which 
the  English  destroyed  during  the  Kevolution  ;  the  first  Congress 
under  the  Constitution  met  within  its  walls,  and  from  its  balcony, 
which  overlooked  the  street,  Washington  was  inaugurated 
FIRST  President  of  the  United  States,  April  80,  1789.*  After  the 
National  Government  was  removed  to  Philadelphia,  the  Courts  and 
State  Legislature  were  held  here  until  the  Capitol  was  established 
in  Albany,  in  1797.  Opposite,  on  the  corner  of  Wall  and  Broad 
streets,  is  the  Drexel  Biiilding,  of  white  marble  and  the  Renais- 
sance style,  built  at  an  expense  of  $700,000  by  Drexel,  Morgan  & 
Co.,  bankers.  A  few  doors  from  Wall,  on  Broad  street,  is  situated 
the  New  York  Stock  Exchange,  a  place  that  every  curiosity- 
seeker  ought  to  visit  dur- 
ing his  stay  in  the  city. 
Strangers  are  admitted  to 
the  Spectator's  Gallery 
during  the  session  of  the 
Board.  Looking  down 
from  the  gallery  upon  the 
surging  mass  of  human 
beings  in  their  wild  con- 
fusion and  yells,  you  have 
some  idea  of  grand  festi- 
val at  a  lunatic  asylum 
when  the  keepers  are  ab- 
sent, or  of  the  impressive 
scene  that  might  be  fur- 
nished at  a  well-organized 
human  pandemonium.  The  scene  must  be  witnessed  to  be  under- 
stood and  appreciated. 

Elbowing  a  way  through  the  set  of  sharpers  who  are  known  as 
"Curbstone  Brokers,"  and  who  crowd  the  pavement  of  the  upper 
part  of  Broad  street,  and  passing  on,  Fraunces'  Tavern,  originally 
the  De  Lancey  Mansion,  will  be  seen  at  the  juncture  of  Broad 
and  Pearl  streets,    ^\^len  the  Continentals  took  possession  of  the 


*  "  This  auspicious  ceremony  took  place  under  tbe  portico  of  Federal  Hall, 
upon  tbe  balcony,  in  immediate  presence  of  both  Houses  of  Congress,  and 
in  full  view  of  tbe  crowds  tbat  tbrouged  tbe  adjacent  streets.  Tbe  oatb  was 
administered  by  Chancellor  Livingston,  and  when  the  illustrious  chief  had 
kissed  the  book,t  tbe  Chancellor,  with  a  loud  voice  proclaimed,  '  Long  live 
George  Washington,  President  of  the  United  States.'  Never  shall  I  forget  the 
thrilling  effect  of  the  thundering  cheers  which  broke  forth,  as  from  one  voice, 
peal  after  peal,  from  the  assembled  multitude." —Dit.  Duer's  Oration. 


FBAUNCKS'  TAVERN,— NOW  STANDING. 


t  The  Bible  on  which  Washington  took  the  oath  of  office,  as  President,  was  then  and  is 
now  the  property  of  St.  John's  Lod^e  No.  1,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  at  that  time  hold- 
ing its  meetings  in  the  City  Hotel,  I3roadway 


42 


niSTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NE"\V  YOKK 


city,  after  its  evacuation  by  the  British,  Washingtox  made  this 
hotel  his  head-quarters,  and  it  was  in  one  of  its  second-story  rooms 
that  he  bade  farewell  to  his  Generals  at  the  close  of  the  war  (Dec 
4,  1788)  * 

Broad  street  from  this  point  (which  was  once  the  water  front)  to  the 
City  Hall,  was  a  marshy  piece  of  land,  and  was  drained  by  means  of 
a  canal  which,  in  1657,  was  "  sided  with  boards  stuck  endwise  into 
the  ground,  to  prevent  the  caving-in  of  its  banks,  which  occurred 
after  high  tides."  At  the  mouth  of  this  dilce  was  the  landing- 
place  for  vessels.  The  street  was  called  by  the  Dutch  De  Heere- 
graft,  the  principal  drain. 

Again  approaching  Wall  street,  this  time  by  the  way  of  Pearl 
Street,  Hanover  Squake,  once  a  market-place,  will  be  perceived 
on  the  left.  In  this  square  is  located  the  new  Cotton  Exchange. 
On  the  corners  of  Pearl  and  Wall  Streets  are  the  Marine  and  the 
Seamen's  Savings  Bank,  and  No,  88  W^all  Street  is  the  Tontine 
Building.  At  the  foot  of  Wall  Street,  where  now  there  is  a  ferry 
to  Brooklyn,  there  was,  in  1709,  a  slave-market  (see  p.  17),  "at 
which  place  all  negro  and  Indian  slaves  to  be  let  out,  or  to  hire, 
or  to  be  sold,  took  tlieir  stand." 


NEW  YOKK  CUSTOM-HOUSE. — WALL  STR*:T, 


On  the  block  between  Exchange  Place  and  William  Street,  now 
occupied  by  the  Custom-House — the  erection  of  which  cost 

*  "  The  house  then  occiipied  by  Samuel  Fraunces  was  better  known  in  that 
day  as  the  De  Lancey  Mansion.  It  was  built  by  Stephen  De  Laucey  in  172-i,  and 
Btood  at  the  corner  of  Broad  and  Dock  Streets.  Forty  years  afterward  it  was 
discovered  to  be  too  far  down  town,  and  it  was  sold  to  Samuel  Fraunces,  the 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. — ILLUSTRATED. 


43 


$1,800,000— formerly  stood  the  old  Merchants'  Exchange  (built  in 
1825),  a  building  of  great  renown  in  its  day,  where,  from  1827  to 

1835,  was  located  the  Post- 
otfice.  It  was  destroyed 
by  the  great  fire  of  Decem- 
ber 16,  1835.  Opposite, 
corner  of  Wall  and  Wil- 
liam Streets,  is  the  Bank 
of  New  York,  a  handsome 
structure  of  brick,  with 
brown  stone  trimmings. 


''T'SCHAAPE  WAYTIE.      or  "THE  SHEEP  WALK,"  IN  1G7G  ;  GAT^DEN  RTKEET 
IN  177ti  ;  THE  SAME  LOCALITY  (EXCHANGE  PLACE),  IN  187fi.* 

Delmouico  of  his  day,  who  was  made  steward  of  Washington's  household  when 
the  first  President  resided  in  New  York.  Frannces,  who  from  the  swarthiness 
of  his  complexion  was  generally  spoken  of  as  'Black  Sam,'  liad  a  genius  for 
cookery,  and  was  a  connoisseur  in  wines.  He  opened  the  honse  as  a  tavern  in 
1771.  When  the  British  entered  the  city  on  the  15th  of  Sept  ,  1776.  Frannces 
fled,  and  his  house  was  occupied  by  British  officers.  He  did  not  returii  until 
Nov.  25th,  1783.  After  the  Americans  occupied  Fort  George.  Washington  to()k 
up  his  headquarters  at  Fraunces's  Tavern.  The  old  Imiisi'  i^  still  sta^l'lili!^  h;it 
it  has  been  gutted  once  or  twice  by  fire,  and  changed  vrvy  much  in  rr  liuiM  Itir. 

•'A  daughter  of  'Black  Sam.'  Phoebe  Frannces,  was  Wasliii^ti  >ir.>  linnscki  i  pi  r 
when  he  had  his  headquarters  in  New  York  in  the  spring  of  ITTC'.  aiul  was  the 
means  of  defeating  a  conspiracy  against  his  life.  Gov.  Tryi'i;.  an  !  .hIm  !■  'C'ims^ 
had  laid  a  plot  to  seize  the  city.  One  part  of  the  plan  was  the  poisoniMi;-  ot  the 
American  commander.  Its  immediate  aL'cnt  was  to  be  Thomas  Hickey.  a  de- 
serter from  the  British  army,  who  had  become  a  member  of  Washington's  body 
gnard.  Fortunately  the  conspirator  fell  desperately  in  love  with  Phoebe 
Frannces,  and  made  her  his  confidant.  She  revealed  the  plot  to  her  father,  and 
at  an  opportune  moment  the  denouement  came.  Hickey  was  arrested  and  tried 
by  court-martial.  He  confessed  his  crime  and  i-evealed  the  details  of  the  plot. 
A  few  days  afterward  he  was  hanged  at  the  intersection  of  Grand  and  Christie 
streets,  in  the  presence  of  20,000  spectators."— J.  F.  IMines.  in  Scribncr. 

*  This  was  a  parcel  of  upland  and  meadow,  which  was  used  as  a  public  pas- 


44 


HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK. 


NASSAU  STREET. 

The  original  uame  of  this  narrow  thoroughfare 
was  "  the  street  that  leads  by  the  Pie- woman's." 
It  was  laid  out  in  1700,  and  in  1728  was  called  Nas- 
sau, below  John  Street,  and  above,  Kip  Street  ; 
but  in  1791  its  entire  length  received  its  present 
title.  Between  Cedar  and  Liberty  Streets  may  be 
seen  the  Middle  Dutch  Church,  one  of  the  few 
old  landmarks   of  which  New   York  may  well 

be  i)roud.  This 
church,  one  of 
the  three  old 
Dutch  houses 
of  worshi])  — 
the  South,  the 
Middle,  and  the 
North,  was  ded- 
icated to  the 
Almighty  i  n 
1729.  It  un- 
derwent some 
alterations  in 
1764.*  On  the 
opposite  side  of 
the  street  are 
MIDDLE  DUTCH  CHURCH,  1729.  many  stately 

buildings,  used  as  banking  and  mercantile  houses. 

The  next  street  beyond  Liberty,  is  Maiden  Lane,  which  derives 
its  name  from  the  fact  that  the  Knickerbocker  maidens  were  wont 
to  assemble  here  (where  now  are  located  some  of  the  largest  whole- 
sale silver  ware  and  jewelry  houses  in  the  city),  to  gossip  and  meet 
their  beaux.  In  those  days  it  was  called  De  Maagde-pncJjc,  or 
Maiden's  path.  Fly  (the  principal)  Market  was  located  at  the  foot 
of  this  street,  in  1*816.  From  Nassau  Street  to  Broadway  is  only 
one  block. 


ture  for  sbeep.  during  the  period  of  the  Dutch  possession.  It  lay  along  the 
south  side  of  the  city  ramparts,  which  stretched  across  the  island  ("about  forty 
feet  from  the  present  north  line  of  Wall  Street),  extending  down  the  hill  to  the 
marsh  and  ditch,  which  commenced  in  Broad  Street,  opposite  the  present  Ex- 
change Place.  Hanover  Square  and  Broad  Street. 

A  considerable  impetus  to  improvement  was  given  by  the  purchase,  in  the 
year  1691,  by  the  Dutch  congregation,  of  ground  for  the  erection  of  a  new  edifice 
of  worship.  For  the  purpose  thej  purchased  180  feet  front  on  the  north  side  of 
the  TuYN.  or  Gakdkn  Stkeet  (present  Exchange  Place),  about  the  middle  of  the 
block,  between  William  and  Broad  Streets,  for  which  they  gave  about  thirty 
dollars  a  lot. 

*  From  the  belfry  of  this  church  Franklin  flew  his  silken  kite,  and  taught  the 
lightning  he  was  its  master  (1752).  During  the  Revolution,  it  was  used  by  the 
British  as  a  prison  and  riding-school.  From  184.5  until  1875,  it  served  as  the 
general  Post-office.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  hand  of  modern  improvement  will 
spare  this  monument  of  the  oldeu  time. 


AND  ITS  ENVIROXS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


45 


BROADWAY  AGAIN. 

Adjoining  tlie  churchyard  of  Trinity  is  Trinity  Building,  which 
is  occupied  by  Insurance  and  Law  offices,  and  representatives  of 

the  _Coal  trade.  At  CV-dar  Street 
the  Equitable  Life  Insurance  edi- 
fice, of  Quincy  and  Maine  granite, 
rears  its  lofty  liead.  Between 
this  company  and  the  Mutual 
Life  Insurance  Co.  (142  and  144 
Broadway)  there  ever  has  been  a 
rivalry,  and  when  this  structure 
was  erected  it  overtopj^ed 


tliat  of  the  Mutual  in 
liiglit.  Whereupon  the 
Mutual  building  was 
higlitened  to  exceed  in 
altitude  that  of  its  rival. 
Immediately  after 
this  the  Equitable 
Co. ,  determined  not 
to  be  outdone,  add- 
ed a  number  of  feet 
to  their  palace,  since 
when  the  Mutual 
have  desisted  from 
further  emulation. 
In  the  same  vicini- 
ty may  also  be  seen 
the  American  Ex- 
change Bank,  con- 
structed of  brown 
stone.  The  tall 
spires  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.  rise  up  far  above  all 
rivals,  at  the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Dey  Street.  A  visit  to  their 
operating  rooms  could  not  fail  to  be  interesting.  Near  at  hand,  at 
the  junction  of  Fulton  Street,  looms  up  the  structure  of  the  Even- 
ing Post  newspaper,  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  substantial  even- 
ing papers  in  this  city,  of  which  William  Cullen  Bryant,  the 
eminent  American  poet,  is  the  nominal  editor. 


WESTERN  UNION  TELEGRAPH  BUILDING. 


FULTON  STREET. 

This  street  crosses  the  city  from  river  to  river,  beginning  and 
ending,  it  may  be  said,  in  the  two  largest  markets  in  America  : — 
the  Washington  (originally  Bear  Market),  on  the  Hudson  River 
side,  and  the  Fulton  on  the  East  River  side.  In  earlier  days,  it 
was  known  as  Partition  Street,  west  of  Broadway  and  Fair  Street, 
east  of  that  thoroughfare.    Where  now  stands  the  massive  Ben> 


46 


HISTORY  OF  AXD  HOW  TO  SEE  NEAV  YORK 


NETT  Building,  Xassau  and  Fulton,  once  stood  tlio  old  Herald  offices, 
and  a  block  further  on,  at  William  Street,  might,  until  1875,  have 

been  seen  the  North  Dutch 
Church,  which  was  built  in 
17G7,  at  a  cost  of  $;00,000,  and 
dedicated  May  25,  17G9.  The 
English  turned  it  into  a  pris- 
on and  a  hospital  during  the 
war  for  Independence.  Re- 
paired and  re-opened  in  De- 
cember, 1784,  it  served  as  a 
house  of  worship  until  its  re- 
cent demolition. 

On  the  opposUe  corner, 
on  the  site  of  the  original 
Shakespeare  Hotel  (kept  by 
John  C.  Stoneall),  is  the  New 
g,  York  Commercial  Adver- 
tiser, an  evening  paper  of 
great  respectability,  estab- 
lished in  1794,  by  the  emi- 
nent American  lexicographer 
Noah  Webster,  under  the  ti- 
tle of  The  Minerva, 

Returning  once  more  to 
Broadway,  St.  Paul's  Church 
meets  the  eye,  occupying  the 
entire  block  between  Fulton 
I  and  Vesey  Streets.  Its  erec- 
tion was  commenced  in  1763, 
and  its  dedication  occurred 
October  30,  17C6.*  There  it 
stands,  on  the  most  crowded 
portion  of  Broadway,  a  ven- 
erable relic  of  the  past,  clustered  with  important  and  interesting 
associations.  Around  it  are  the  graves  of  the  dead  of  several  gen- 
erations. Under  its  great  front  window  is  a  mural  monument, 
erected  to  the  memory  of  General  Montgomery,  wdio  fell  at  the 
siege  of  Quebec,  in  1775. 

Opposite  St.  Paul's  Church  is  the  Park  National  Bank,  next  to 
which,  on  the  former  site  of  Scudder's,  afterwards  Barnuni's  old 
American  Museum,  is  the  new  Herald  Building.f    Across  the 


EVENIXG  POST  BriLMNG. 


*  After  Washington's  inaup;iiration  ceremonies,  "  he  retired  to  St.  Paul's,  with 
his  officers,  to  unite  in  suitable  religious  services."  He  also  frequently  partook 
of  the  Lord's  Slipper  before  its  altar. 

t  The  New  York  Herald  was  first  issiied  from  an  office  in  Wall  Street,  May  6, 
1835,  and  at  the  decease  (June,  1872)  of  its  founder  and  editor,  James  Gordok 
Bennett,  the  elder,  boasted  of  the  largest  circulation  of  any  newspaper  in 
America.    It  is  now  conducted  with  great  enterprise  and  spirit  by  the  sou  of 


AND  ITS  ENVIKOXS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


47 


way,  and  extending  from  Veseyto  Barclay  Street,  stands  the  Astor 
House,  once  the  most  famous  hotel  in  the  United  States,  now  none 
the  less  popular,  and  conducted  on  the  European  plan. 

One  of  tlie  most  prominent  structures  in 
this  vicinity  is  the  new  Post-Ofiice.  Built 
upon  the  lower  end  of  the  City  Hall  Park, 
constructed  of  Maine  granite,  and  of  a  some- 
what triangular  shape,  it  extends  130  feet 
along  Broadway  and  320  feet  along  Park 
Row.    The  cellar,  basement,  and  first  and 
second  stories  are  used  for  postal  purposes, 
ij^      and  upon  other  floors  may  be  found  the 
V  y     United  States  Court  rooms,  the  Law  Libra- 
ryi-y,  Marshal's  and  other  government  offices. 

the  corner  of  Bee  km  ax  Street  and 
Park  Row  is  the  New  York  World  build - 


ST.  PAUL  S  CHURCH,  BROADWAY. 

ing.'^  On  Beekman,  corner  of  Clifi  Street,  formerly  rose  the  spire 
of  St.  George's  Chapel,  which  was  built  in  1752,  burned  down 
in  1814,  and  rebuilt  immediately  afterward,  only  to  be  demolished 
a  few  years  ago.  The  old  Park  Theatre  was  located  on  Park 
Row,  between  Ann  and  Beekman  Streets.  Built  in  1798,  burned 
in  1820,  it  was  rebuilt  in  1821,  but  again  burned  in  1849. 

the  founder,  who  inherits  the  tact  and  talent  of  his  father.  Its  organization  tor 
the  gathering  of  news  extends  to  all  the  countries  of  the  world,  and  to  every 
great  city.  Its  editorial  discussion  is  of  the  highest  order,  and  the  return  of  its 
advertising  columns  is  equal  to  a  gold  mine. 

*  This  paper,  the  leading  Democratic  organ  of  the  city,  was  first  issued  June 
14,  1860,  as  a  one  cent  religious  daily,  and  over  $300,000  were  expended  before  it 
became  a  paj-ing  journal.  Its  ultimate  success  is  due  to  the  energy  and  ability 
of  Mr.  Maxton  Marble,  who  bought  it  in  1861,  and  changed  it  to  its  present 
character. 


48  HISTORY  OF  AXD  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


Park  Row  terminates  in  Printing-liouse  Square,  in  tlio  midst  of 
wliich  there  now  stands  a  statue  of  Benjamin  Franklin.  Tlie 
most  remarkable  structure  in  the  square  is  that  of  the  New  York 
Tribune,  which  occuj^ies  the  former  site  of  the  low,  dingy  building 


NEW  YOKK  GENERAL  POST-OFFICE. 


wherein  Horace  Greeley,  the  founder  of  this  journal,  pursued 
his  editorial  labors.  Rising  to  a  great  hight,  and  sunnounted  by 
a  tall  tower,  it  is  observable  at  a  considerable  distance.  Near  at 
hand  are  the  offices  of  the  New  York  Times  and  The  Sun.* 

*  The  New  York  Tribune,  now  one  of  the  leading  newspapers  of  this  city,  M  as 
first  issued  April  10,  18il,  by  Horace  Greeley,  at  No.  30  Ann  Street,  price  one 
cent  a  copy.  It  was  for  many  years  the  leading  organ  of  the  Whig  and  Republi- 
can parties,  and  has  always  been  conducted  with  distinguished  ability. 

The  Times,  established  by  Henry  J.  Raymond  in  1851,  to  day  is  the  most  in- 
fluential Republican  organ  in  the  country.  On  this  block  was  erected,  iu  lTGB, 
the  Old  Brick  Church,  which  was  used  as  a  prison  and  hosi^ital  by  the  British, 
during  the  Revolution,  and  which  was  removed  in  1846. 

The  Sun,  the  first  penny  paper  published  in  the  United  States,  was  issued  by 
Benjamin  H.  Day,  in  1832  ;  soon  after  it  passed  into  the  hands  ot  Moses  Y. 
Beach,  but  it  exerted  little  or  no  influence  previous  to  18G7,  when  Chas.  A.  Dana 
assumed  its  editorship.    Its  circulation  now  equals  that  of  any  of  the  dailies. 


AND  ITS  ENVIKONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


49 


ASTOR  HOUSE,  BARCLAY  STREET  SIDE.— MACOY,  PUBLISHER,  ETC. 

Where  once  was  located  Tryon  Row,  at  present  looms  up  the 
edifice  of  the  Staats  Zeitung,  the  most  prominent  and  largely  cir- 
culated German  newspaper  in  the  United  States.   Almost  opposite 


NEW  YORK  STAATS  ZEITUNG  BUILDING. 


50  HISTORY  OF  AXD  IIOAV  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


are  the  offices  of  the  New 
circulation  of  100,000 


'^"the  tribune  building. 

Pole  was  raised  in  the  Park,  June 


Daily  News,  which  boasts  of  a 

THE  CITY  HALL  PAF.K. 

The  City  Hall  Park,  which 
was  without  the  city  limits  un- 
til 1780,  has  been  kno\^'n  from 
time  to  time  under  several 
names  :  the  Vlachte,  or  Flats ; 
the  Fields;  the  Common,  and 
the  Park.  A  powder-house 
vras  erected  in  1684,  where  the 
City  Hall  now  stands,  and 
which  was  disj^laced  in  1733 
by  the  erection  of  the  first  pub 
lie  building  within  the  limits 
of  the  Park,  for  the  purposes 
of  a  Poor-house.  Here,  pre- 
vious to  the  war  for  Independ- 
ence, the  people  were  accus- 
tomed to  assemble  to  celebrate 
in  various  festivities  the  king's 
birthday  and  other  holidays. 
In  the  early  days  of  the  Revo- 
lution, it  was  occupied  only, 
en  its  northern  side,  by  a  long 
line  of  wooden  Barracks,  in- 
'osed  within  a  high  board 
.  nee  ;  and  by  the  ''New  Jail," 
aiterward  known  as  "  llie  Pro- 
Tost,"^  and  now  as  the  Hall 
of  Records.  The  first  Liberty 
4,  176G,  and  after  the  passage 


*  The  Provost  was  destined,  says  Pixtaed.  for  the  more  uotorious  rebels, 
civil  aud  military.  An  admission  into  this  modern  bastile  was  enough  to  appal 
the  stontest  heart.  At  the  entrance  door  two  sentinels  were  posted,  day  and 
night.  Two  more  at  the  first  and  second  barricades,  which  were  grated,  barred, 
and  chained  ;  also,  at  the  rear  flight  of  stairs,  leading  to  the  rooms  and  cells  in 
the  second  and  third  stories.  When  a  piMsoner.  escorted  by  soldiers,  was  led 
into  the  hall,  the  whole  guard  was  paraded,  and  he  was  delivered  over,  with  all 
formality,  to  Capt.  Cunningham  or  his  depiity.  and  questioned  as  to  his  name, 
rank,  size,  age,  etc.,  all  of  which  were  entered  iu  a  record  book.  What  with  the 
bristling  of  arms,  unbolting  of  bars  and  locks,  clanking  of  enormous  iron 
chains,  aud  a  vestibiile  as  dark  as  Erebus,  the  unfortunate  captive  might  well 
shrink  under  this  infernal  sight  aud  parade  of  tyrannical  power,  as  he  crossed 
the  threshold  of  that  door  which  possibly  closed  on  him  for  life.  In  this 
gloomy  abode  were  incarcerated,  at  different  periods,  many  American  officers 
and  citizens  of  distinction,  awaiting,  with  sickening  hope,  the  protracted  period 
of  their  liberation.  Could  those  dumb  walls  speak,  what  scenes  of  auguish 
might  they  not  disclose !  The  Captain  and  his  Deputy  were  enabled  to  fare 
sumptuously,  by  dint  of  curtailing  the  prisoners'  rations,  exchanging  good  for 
bad  provisions,  aud  other  embezzlements.    In  the  drunken  orgies  that  usually 


AND  ITS  EXVIKOXS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


51 


and  attempted  euforcement  of  the  Sta^tp  Act,  the  Liberty  Boys* 
began  to  hold  popular  indignation  meetings  here,  in  protest  against 


PKOVOST  JAIL  (177G),  KOW  THE  HALL  OF  RKCOKDS  (IbTOj. 

British  aggression  and  tyranny,  f  In  1776  the  Liberty  Pole  (which 
had  stood  for  eight  years)  was  cut  down  and  destroyed  by  Cap.  Cun- 
ningham, Provost  Marshal,  who,  daring  the  occupation  of  the  city 

terminated  his  dinners.  Cunningham  would  order  the  rebel  prisoners  to  turn 
out  and  parade  for  the  amusement  of  his  guests,  pointing  them  out,  "  This  is 
the  d— d  rebel,  Col.  Ethan  Allen,"    that  is  a  rebel  judge,"  etc. 

*  The  principal  feature  of  Broadway,  opposite  the  Fields  (as  the  Park  was 
called),  during  many  years,  were  several  public  gardens.  Among  these  was  that 
of  Mr.  Montaguie,  near  the  northerly  corner  of  Murray  Street.  This  garden 
became  notable  in  the  political  history  of  the  times,  as  having  been  the  head- 
quarters of  the  Liberty  Boys.  It  was  opposite  his  premises,  on  the  Fields,  that 
the  Sous  of  Liberty  raised  their  .successive  liberty  poles,  which  were  as  often 
demolished  by  the  sctdiers  and  tory  faction. 

t  In  1776,  while  the 
troops,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Gen.  Washing- 
ton, were  in  the  city,  a 
portion  of  them  occupied 
the  Common,  and  here 
the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence was  published 
to  the  army.  The  Com- 
mander received  an  offi- 
cial copy  of  the  immortal 
document  on^the  9tL  of 
Juh',  "  with  instructions 
to  have  it  read  to  the 
troops.  He  immediately 
issued  an  order  for  the 
several  brigades  then  in 
or  near  the  city,  to  be 
dra\ra  up  at  six  o'clock 
that  evening,  to  hear  it 
read.  The  brigades  were 
formed  in  hollow  squares 
on  their  respective  iia- 
rades.  The  hollow  square  was  formed  at  the  spot  wherethe  upper  portion  of  the 
Post-office  now  stands,  and  opposite  Beekman  Street.  Washington  was  within 
the  square,  on  horseback,  and  the  Declaration  was  read  in  a  clear  voice  by  one  of 
his  aids.    When  it  was  concluded,  three  hearty  cheers  were  given."— Lossing. 


READING  THE  DECLAEATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE,  1776. 


52  HISTORY   OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YOKK 


err 


by  tlie  English,  earned  a  most  unen- 


""lJI  viable  rei)utation  by  liis  brutal  treat- 
inont  of  tlie  i)atriot  prisoners  confined 
lu  tlie  various  jails  under  Ins  cliarfre. 


BEOADWAY,  THE  PAKK,  CITY  HALL,,  AND  COUNTY  COTJRT  HOUSE. 

When  the  erection  of  tlie  present  City  Hall  was  commenced  in 
1808,  it  Avas  not  supposed  that  the  city  ever  would  extend  much 


EXECUTION  OF  A  SLAVE,  FOR  ARSON,  ON  THE  FIELDS,  ON    THE  SITE  OF  THE 
COUNTY  COURT  HOUSE,  1700. 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


53 


beyond  this  point,  and,  it  is  said,  it  was  not  considered  expedient 
to  go  to  much  expense  beautifying  the  rear  of  the  building, — con- 
sequently it  was  allowed  to  remain  plain  brown  stone.  In  the 
Governor's  room,  in  the  City  Hall,  may  be  seen  a  chair  and  table 
used  by  George  Washington,  and  many  portraits  of  New  York 
governors,  and  other  prominent  men,  among  whom  may  be  men- 
tioned Lafayette,  Washing- 
ton, Bolivar,  Columbus,  and 
Andrew  Jackson. 

Immediately  in  the  rear 
of  the  City  Hall  is  the  New 
Court  House.  The  site  on 
which  the  Court  House  now 
stands,  being  far  from  the 
business  portion  of  the  city, 


BROADWAY  AND  MURRAY  STREET  AS  IT  WAS  IN  1830,  AND  AS  IT  IS  IN 
1876. 


was  used,  in  early  times,  as  a  place  for  hanging  slaves  and  others 
guilty  of  heinous  crimes. 

The  northern  boundary  of  the  Park  is  Chambers  Street,  along 
which  there  ran,  in  Knickerbocker  times,  a  line  of  palisades, 
strengthened  here  and  there  with  block  houses.  A  little  farther 
beyond  was  Gallows  Hill,  where  American  prisoners,  when  con- 
demned to  death,  were  executed  at  night,  and  on  its  border  was 
the  Fresh-Water  Pond.  Opposite  the  Park,  at  one  corner  of 
Warren  Street,  is  one  of  the  clothing  establishments  of  Devlin  & 
Co.,  on  the  other  corner  is  the  American  branch  of  the  far-famed 
house  of  Cook  &  SON,  of  London,  the  Tourists'  Agency. 


54 


HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


FROM  THE  PARK  TO  CANAL  STREET. 

The  marble  building  at  Broadway  and  Chambers  Street  is  A.  T. 
Stewart's  wholesale  store.    His  retail  business  was  carried  on 

here  only  a  few  years  ago. 
Washington  Hall,  quite  cele- 
.^■^X  \  brated  as  a  social  resort  in  its 

day,  once  occupied  this  spot, 


BROADWAY.  BETWKKN  CHAMUKKS  AND  BEADK  STliKKTS— TH IlKK  PERIODS:  1. 
NEGRO  BURIAL  GROUND,  17G0  ;  2.  WASHINGTON  HALL,  lb41  ;  3.  STEWART'S 
WHOLESALE  STORE,  l»7l). 

and  in  yet  earlier  times  the  Negro  Burying  Ground  was  located 
here.  Opposite  is  one  of  Delmonico's  famous  restaurants,  for- 
merly the  Irving  House. 

About  1818  inij)roveraents  vrere  rapidly  made  on  Broadway.  In 

1827  the  Masonic  Hall 
was  built,  near  Pearl 
Street.  After  the  "Anti- 
Masonic  excitement," 
the  prosperity  of  the 
Masonic  Hall  gradually 
waned,  and  its  name  was 
changed  to  Gothic  Hall. 
A  few  years  since  it  was 
demolished  to  give  place 
to  the  present  elegant 
buildings  on  the  site  of 
Nos.  314  and  316. 

Where  Thomas  Street 
now  has  i  fcs  beginning  on 
Broadway,  there  were 
some  very  fine  grounds, 
in  the  midst  of  which 
was  erected  the  New 


BROADWAY,  BETWEEN  DUANE  AND  PEARL  STREETS, 
MASONIC  (GOTHIC)  HALL,  1830. 


York  Hospital.  Its  corner  stone  was  laid  Sept.  12,  1773,  but  be- 
fore its  completion  a  portion  of  the  building  was  destroyed  by  fire. 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


55 


BROADWAY,  BETWEEN  ANTHONY  AND  PEARL 
STREETS,  1856.     BROADWAY  THEATRE. 


In  1783  the  English  used  it  for  Barracks  ;  in  1788  the  Doctor's 
Riot  occurred.  In  18G8  the  property  was  leased  for  business  pur- 
poses, the  old  landmark  was  doomed  to  destruction,  and  on  its 
site  many  splendid  buildings  have  been  erected. 

The  block  between  Pearl 
and  Anthony  (now  Worth) 
Streets,  was  chiefly  occupied 
by  a  brewery,  soon  after  the 
Revolution.  In  after  years 
the  Broadway  Theatre  was 
the  principal  building  on  this 
block,  which  was  destined  to 
stand  but  a  short  period,  its 
site  is  now  occupied  by  the 
spacious  stores  Nos.  326  and 
328. 

From  Anthony  (Worth)  to 
Catharine  Lane,  in  1800,  but 
one  house  occupied  the  blocK  . 
In  1836  a  church  edifice  was 
erected,  originally  called  the 
Sixth  Free  Presbyterian 
Church.  Its  name  was  af- 
terwards changed  to  The  Tabernacle,  and  Rev.  J.  P.  Thomp- 
son  officiated  as  minister  for  several  years.  The  building  stood  in 
the  rear,  but  the  entrance  was  from  I3roadway,  at  No.  340. 

On  the  block  be-      

tween  Catharine  lane 
and  Leonard  Street, 
two  small  frame 
houses  stood,  before 
the  grade  of  the 
street  was  lowered. 
These  afterward 
gave  place  to  the  ele- 
gant edifice  erected 
by  the  New  York  So- 
ciety Library.  This 
association  occupied 
the  premises  until 
1853,  when  they  sold 
to  Appleton  &  Co. 
The  premises  were 
soon  after  sold  to  the 
New  York  Life  In- 
surance Company, 
on  which  has  been 
erected  one  of  the  most  elegant  buildings  in  tlie  city,  the  company 
occupying  a  portion  of  the  premises. 


BROADWAY,  BETWEEN  ANTHONY  AND  LEONARD  STS., 
TABERNACLE  AND  SOCIETY  LIBRARY,  1853. 


56 


HISTORY   OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  XEAV  YORK 


In  olden  times,  when  itinerant  circus  performers  found  their 
way  to  New  York,  they  were  accustomed  to  exhibit  on  the  hill 

about  the  Collect, 
-  a  little  north  of 

White  Street,  and 
known  as  Rick- 
ett's  Mammoth 
Amphitheatre. 

In  due  time,  the 
street  was  graded, 
and  improvements 
made  by  the  erec- 
tion of  elegant 
residences,  which 
have  in  their  turn 
succumbed  to  the 
insatiable  demand 
of  business.  At  the 
corner  of  Walker 
flourished  for  a  brief  period  ;  at  404, 
Minerva)  Hall ;  410,  Enterprise  Hall ; 


KEW  YORK  LIFE  INSURANCE  COMPANY  S  BUILDING 


Street  Florence's  Hotel 
Concert  (afterward  the 
412,  Apollo  Rooms. 

One  of  the  most  noted  build 
lugs  on  the  west  side  of  Broad 


WHITE  CONDUIT  HOUSE 


NEW  YORK  GAl 


way,  before  the  street  was  graded,  between  Anthony  and  Leonard 
Streets,  on  the  Kalckhook  Hill,  overlooking  the  country,  was  the 
White  Conduit  House,  kept  by  Mons.  Corri,  a  Frenchman,  and 
afterward  known  as  Mt.  Vernon  Garden,  now  occupied  by  the  ele- 
gant stores,  Nos.  353,  355,  357. 

In  1809,  John  H.  Contoit  removed  from  opposite  the  Park,  to  a 
more  eligible  spot  between  Leonard  and  Franklin  Streets,  where 
he  opened  his  celebrated  New  York  Garden,  which  he  held  for 
more  than  forty  years.  This  place  was  noted  for  the  richness  of 
its  refreshments,  and  perfectness  of  its  arrangements. 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


57 


BROADWAY  AT  CANAL  STREET. 

The  origin  of  tlio  name  of  Canal  Street  may  be  traced  to  the 
fact  that  an  open  canal  once  ran  through  it.    This  canal  was 

crossed  at  Broadway 


by  a  stone  bridge, 
near  which  was  lo- 
cated the  Stone 
Bridge  Tavern  and 
Garden,  which  was 
much  frequented  by 
pleasure-seekers  in 


1812.  At  that 
date  a  marsh, 
wliich  this  ca- 
nal drained, 
extended  from 
Centre  Street 
across  town  to 
the  North  Riv- 
er. Cattle  were 
often  lost  in 
this  morass, 
and  an  unheal- 
thy miasma 


BROADWAY  AND  CANAL  STREET  IN  1876. 


TATTERSALLS  AND  OLYMPIC  THEATRE. 


BROADWAY  HOUSE,  1830. 


58  HISTORY   OF  AXL>  HOW  TO  SEE  XEW  YORK 


arose  from  it  wliicli,  it  was  declared,  occasioned  considerable  sick 
ness  among  tlie  people  who  resided  in  tlie  vicinity.  From  Canal 
Street  to  Sandj  Hill,  now  Astor  Place,  Broadway  was  then  known 
as  the  "Middle  Road." 

Among  the  early  improvements  on  Broadway,  between  Howard 
and  Grand  Streets,  was  the  erection  of  a  large  wooden  building 
used  for  a  circus  and  theatre,  and  afterward  knov/n  as  Tattek- 
SALLS,  a  place  for  the  training  and  sale  of  horses  and  carriages.  The 
site  of  this  popular  place  of  resort  is  now  covered  by  the  stately 
buildings  Nos.  442  to  448.  In  latter  years  a  new  building  was 
erected  on  a  portion  of  the  same  site,  having  the  name  of  the 
Olympic  Theatre,  which,  in  1838,  was  under  the  management 
of  Mrs.  Thomas  S.  Hamblin.  In  1831)  it  was  conducted  by  Mr. 
David  McKinney,  and  in  1840  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  Mit- 
chell, under  whom  it  attained  a  high  degree  of  prosperity. 

At  the  corner  of  Grand  Street,  in  1828,  a  first  class  residence  vras 
erected,  which  was  afterward  called  the  Broadway  House,  and 
known  for  many  years  as  the  Whig  Headquarters.  This  site  is 
occupied  by  the  immense  building  No.  462  Broadway. 


BHOADWAT,  BETWEEN  BROOME  AND  SPRING  STREETS. 

The  St.  Nicholas  Hotel,  which  was  built  in  1854,  at  an  expense 
of  $1,000,000,  looms  up  on  the  west  side  of  Broadway,  between 
Broome  and  Spring  Streets. 

Soon  after  the  Revolution,  a  circus,  called  the  Stadium,  was 
established  on  the  northeasterly  corner  of  Broadway  and  Prince 


A-NB  ITS  ENVIKONS.  ILLUSTRATED.  59 

Street.     Shortly  after  the  war  of  1812,  the  inclosure  was  used 
for  drilling  militia  olHcers.     Afterward  two  brick  buildings  were 
erected  on  Broadway,    William  Niblo  removed  to  this  locality  in 
1828,  and  established  a  Restaur-  _ 
ant.  Public  Garden,  and  Theatre. 


BETWliKN  Plil-NCK  ANU  110U.ST0N,  1823.  NIBLO'ri  GAltUEN,  Ibio. 

The  Metropolitan  Hotel  now  covers  the  spot  once  used  as 
a  iDopular  resort  of  pleasure  seekers. 


ii*iJiiiiiiliffl 


niHii 
mini 

IIIIIIFffl 


BROADWAY,  CORNER  OF  PRINCE  STREET,  METROPOLITAN  HOTEL. 

At  the  junction  of  Bond  and  Broadway  is  the  new  store  of 
Brooks  Brothers,  and  a  few  doors  east  of  Broadway,  on  Bond 
Street,  rises  the  American  Watch  Company's  structure,  while 
almost  opposite  Bond  Street,  on  the  west  side  of  Broadway,  towers 
up  the  Grand  Central  Hotel,  where,  it  will  be  remembered,  Ed- 
ward S.  Stokes  shot  James  Fisk,  Jr.,  in  Jan.,  1872. 

On  AsTOR  Place — which  originally  was  called  Sandy  Hill,  and 
afterward  Art  Street — a  few  steps  east  of  Broadway  stands  the 


60 


HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


Mercantile  Library  building,  wliicli  formerly  was  tlie  Astor 
Place  Opera  House,  where  the  Forrest-Macready  riots  took 

place  in  May,  1849 
This  library,  one  of 
the  largest  and  finest 
in  the  country,  boasts 
of  180,000  volumes. 
A  reading  -  room  is 
also  attached,  where 
may  be  found  maga- 
zines  and  papers  from 
all  parts  of  the  world. 
In  the  same  neighbor- 
hood, on  Lafayette 
Place,  is  the  Astor 
Library,  for  refer- 
ence, founded  by 
John  Jacob  Astor, 
and  free  to  all.  It  is  open  during  the  daytime  throughout  the 
year  (except  a  short  vacation  during  midsummer),  but  closed  at 
night.  The  Union  Institute,  established  by  the  charitable  Peter 
Cooper,  is  near  at  hand,  being  situated  at  Fourth  Avenue  and 
Eighth  Street,  opposite  the  Bible  House  of  the  American  Bible 
Society.  Through  the  benevolence  of  Mr.  Cooper,  free  lectures 
and  free  instruction  in  the  arts  and  sciences  are  given  there  for 
the  benefit  of  those  who  may  desire  to  profit  by  them.  In  addi- 
tion to  this,  there  is  on  the  second  floor  a  large  reading-room  and 
library,  open  from  7  A.  M.  to  10  P.  M. ,  which  also  is  free,  and  which 
is  well  patronized  by  the  poorer  classes,  for  whom  it  is  specially 
intended. 

One  massive  structure  covers  the  square  bounded  by  Ninth 
Street,  Fourth  Avenue,  Tenth  Street,  and  Broadway,  and  though 
there  is  no  sign  or  mark  whereby  to  determine  either  the  nature 
of  the  business  carried  on  within  or  the  name  of  the  merchant 
prince  who  rules  over  such  a  palace  of  trade,  still  it  is  scarcely 
necessary  to  inform  even  a  stranger  that  it  is  A.  T.  Stewart's 
Retail  Store. 

From  this  point  upwards,  continuing  on  Broadway,  the  scene 
which  presents  itself  every  pleasant  afternoon  is  one  that  may  not 
be  seen  in  any  other  city  in  the  world.  The  great  thoroughfare  is 
the  grand  promenade,  and  swarms  with  the  beauty,  fashion,  and 
wealth  of  New  York.  No  avenue  or  street  in  London  or  Paris  or 
Berlin,  or  any  of  our  cities,  can  be  compared  with  it.  No  stranger 
should  visit  the  metropolis  without  strolling  up  and  down  Broad- 
way some  afternoon. 

I  In  the  midst  of  the  bustle  of  this  babel  of  business,  the  observer 
will  be  surprised  to  discover  even  one  spot  where  peace  and  quiet 
and  solemnity  reign  supreme,  and  his  eye  will  sparkle  with  de- 
light as  he  distinguishes  through  the  trees  the  graceful  contour 


MERCANTILE  LrBRART,  ASTOR  PLACE. 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


61 


of  Grace  Church,  and  finds  himself  face  to  face  -with  the  tall  airy- 
spire  which  so  long  has  risen  up  in  the  vista  before  him  while  ap- 
proaching Tenth  Street.  This  church,  which  was  erected  in  184G, 
at  a  cost  of  $145,000,  together  with  the  Rectory,  which  adjoins, 
presents  a  most  picturesque  appearance,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
elegant  houses  of  worship  in  the  city. 


BKOADWAY,  ABOVE  KINTH  STREET,  GHAC'E  CHURCH,  ETC. 


Opposite  Grace  Church  is  the  Methodist  Book  Concern  build 
ing,  and  at  the  juncture  of  Thirteenth  Street,  on  the  east  side  ot 
Broadway,  stands  Wallack's  Theatre,  one  of  the  leading  places  of 
amusement  in  New  York.  Occupying  the  best  corner  in  the  city — 
that  of  Fourteenth  Street  and  Broadway — and  facin<^  both  Union 
Square  and  Broadway,  towers  up  the  edifice  erected  a  few  years 
ago  by  the  Domestic  Sewing  Machine  Company,  at  an  expense 
of  about  a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars. 


UNION  SaUARE  AND  VICINITY. 

Union  Place,  or  Union  Square,  as  it  is  more  commonly,  but 
improperly  called,  once  was  known  as  The  Forks,  the  Bloomingdale 
Road  (Broadway)  and  the  Bowery  uniting  here.  All  the  neighbor- 
ing property  Avas  formerly  owned  by  the  Manhattan  Bank,  which ^ 
during  the  prevalence  of  yellow  fever  in  1822,  in  the  lower  jiart  of 
the  city,  erected  a  temporary  bank  here.  In  1831  the  Conmion 
Council  determined  to  enlarge  the  Place  to  its  present  size,  and  lay 
it  out  after  the  plan  of  the  Rue  de  la  Paix  and  the  Place  Vendome, 
Paris,  but  it  was  not  until  1845-1848  that  much  building  was  done 
here.  For  a  time  it  was  the  place  of  fashionable  residences,  but 
business  gradually  pushed  the  residents  further  up  and  out  of 
town.    For  several  years  past  it  has  been  a  great  Sewing  Machine 


62 


HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW   TO  SEE  KEW  YORK 


Company  centre,  and  it  sometimes  has  been  called  Semng  MacJiine 
Square.  Among  tlie  most  prominent  of  these  companies  whose 
offices  are  in  this  locality,  may  be  mentioned  the  Domestic.  Singer 
(Fourth  Avenue  side,  corner  of  Sixteenth  Street),  and  Wheeler 
&  Wilson  (Fourteenth  Street  side,  between  Broadway  and  Uni- 
versity Place).  Other  notable  buildings  in  the  Square  are  the 
Union  Place  Hotel,  Union  Square  Theatre,  German  Savings 
Bank,  Union  Square,  Clarendon,  and  Everett  Hotels,  Spingler 
House,  and  Tiffany  &  Co.'s,  which  occupies  the  fonner  site  of  Dr. 
Cheever's  Church  of  the  Puritans.  The  grounds  from  which  the 
place  derives  its  title  is  distinguished  for  the  beauty  of  its  walks, 
trees,  fountain,  and  general  ornamentation  as  a  miniature  Park. 


UNION  SQUARE. 


On  University  Place,  between  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth  Streets, 
is  located  the  New  York  Society  Library,  which  was  first  incor- 
porated as  "  The  Public  Library  of  New  York,"  in  1700,  when  the 
Earl  of  Bellomont  was  Governor  of  the  Province.* 


*  The  reputed  founder  of  this  Library  was  Rev.  John  Sharp,  Chaplain  to  the 
Governor.  After  the  Revohition — during  which  the  Library  was  almost  totally 
destroyed— a  building  of  brown  freestone  was  erected  (1793  to  1795)  where  now 
stands  No.  33  Nassau  Street,  to  which  the  remains  of  the  old  Library,  together 
with  some  acquisitions,  were  moved  from  the  City  Hall,  in  June,  1795.  In  1836 
the  New  York  Athenaeum  was  consolidated  with  it,  and  with  the  Tinited  re- 
sources land,  60x100  feet,  on  the  corner  of  Leonard  Street  aiid  Broadway,  was 
purchased  for  $47,500,  and  an  edifice  erected  thereon  at  a  cost  of  $70,000,  to 
which  a  removal  was  made  in  1840.    In  1853  the  present  site  was  secured. 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


C3 


Returning  to  Union  Square,  an 
two  colossal  statues  will  be  ol 
(equestrian)  of  Washington. 
On  the  north  side  of  Fourteenth 
Street,  betv>'een  Fourth  Avenue 
and  Irving  Place,  will  be  seen 
Steinway  Concert-Hall,  where 
also  are  located  the  ware- rooms 
of  Steinway  &  Sons,  the  Acade- 
my of  Music  (the  home  of  Ital- 
ian Opera  in  Xew  York),  Tam- 
many Hall,*  and  the  Germania 
Theatre.  In  Irving  Place,  op- 
posite the  Academy,  is  Irving 
Hall,  a  great  resort  for  lovers 
of  the  Terpsichorean  art. 

On  Fourteenth  Street,  be- 
tween Sixth  and  Seventh  Aven- 
ues, is  situated  the  Lyceum 
Theatre,  devoted  principally  to 
Opera  Bouffe  and  French  and 
Italian  dramas,  and  the  Metro- 
politan Museum  of  Art,  where 
the  celebrated  Cesnola  Collec- 
tion of  Antiquities,  lately  ex- 
cavated in  the  Island  of  Cyprus, 
is  on  exhibition.  The  Twenty- 
Second  Regiment  Armory  is 
also  in  this  neighborhood. 
Again  returning  to  Broadway, 
and  strolling  northward  past 
the  great  Dry  Goods  palaces  of 
Lord  &  Taylor,  and  Arnold 
&  Constable,  and  the  Park 
Theatre,  which  is  on  the  east 
side  of  Broadway,  near  Twenty- 
second  Street,  Madison  Square 
appears  in  view. 


passing  along  Fourteenth  Street, 
erved,  one  of  Lincoln  and  one 


LINCOLN  STATUE. 


*  Tammany  Society,  or  Columbian  Okder.— Tliis  Society,  now  so  well  known 
in  political  history,  was  founded  sliortlj-  after  the  Revolution  ;  its  design  being 
to  counteract  the  suppcsed  tendencies  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  which 
was  by  some  considered  to  be  of  an  aristocratic  tendency.  In  the  Cincinnati, 
none  but  officers,  or  descendants  of  officers  of  the  Revolution,  were  admitted 
to  membership,  while  the  Tammany  Society  was  open  to  the  rank  and  file. 
Commencing  with  small  numbers,  it  gradually  increased  in  strength,  and  to-day 
it  rules  over  the  destinies  of  the  Democratic  party  of  New  York  State.  Their  old 
hall  stood  on  the  ground  now  occupied  by  the  New  York  Tribune,  and  more  re- 
cently in  the  building  at  the  corner  of  Frankfort  Street,  now  occupied  by  the 
Sun. 


64  HISTORY   OF  AND   IIOAV  TO   SEE   NEAV  YORK 


MADISON  SQUARE. 


MADISON  SaUARE  AND  VICINITY. 

In  the  midst  of  tliis  square,  wliicli  in  former  days  (1794)  was  the 
site  of  the  Potters'  Field,  and  as  late  as  1845  ^vas  an  open  common, 
there  is  a  beautiful  little  Park  which,  though  somewhat  larger,  is 
very  similar  in  appearance  to  the  one  in  Union  Square.  Here,  at 
the  juncture  of  Broadway,  Fifth  Avenue,  and  Twenty-third  Street, 
may  be  seen  one  of  the  finest  and  most  fashionable  of  Xew  York 
hotels,  the  Fifth  Avenue,  a  white  marble  structure.  A  few  doors 
above  is  the  Hoffman  House,  which  is  kept  on  the  European  plan. 
On  a  triangular  plot  of  ground  in  front  of  this  hotel  stands  a 
granite  monument,  erected  in  1857,  in  honor  of  general  Willia^m 
Worth,  of  Mexican-war  celebrity.  The  Madison  Avenue  Church 
is  located  on  the  east  side  of  the  square,  and  on  the  same  side,  at 
the  corner  of  Twenty-sixth  Street,  is  the  Union  League  Club- 
House,  erected  by  Mr.  Leonard  St.  Jerome.  The  block  enclosed  by 
Twenty-sixth  Street,  Fourth  Avenue,  and  Twenty-sev3nth  Street, 
and  Madison  Avenue,  is  P.  T.  Barxum's  renowned  Hippodrome, 
which  of  late  has  been  known  as  Gilmore's  Coxcert  Garden. 
Here,  in  Madison  Square,  Madison  Avenue,  Fifth  Avenue's  great> 
est  rival,  has  its  beginning. 

Passing  west  along  Twenty-third  Street  to  Sixth  Avenue, 
Booth's  Theatre,  of  Concord  granite  and  in  the  Renaissance  style, 
will  be  observed.    It  will  seat  an  audience  of  three  thousand. 

On  the  opposite  corner  is  the  new  Masonic  Temple,  one  of  the 
finest  edifices  in  Xew  York,  and  which  is  devoted  to  Masonic  pur- 
poses    It  is  of  granite,  and  its  construction  cost  more  than  a  mil- 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


65 


lion  dollars.  Its  frontage  on  Twenty-tliird  Street  is  one  hundred 
and  tifty-uine  feet,  and  its  higlit  to  the  cap-stone  is  ninety  feet. 
The  principal  entrance,  on  Twenty-third  Street,  is  througli  a  Doric 
portico.  On  each  side  of  the  entrance  there  is  a  bronze  column  of 
the  Egy^ptian  order,  emblematical  of  "  Strength  and  Beauty,"  and 
intended  to  be  representatiye  of  the  two  great  pillars  set  up  at  the 
entrance  of  King  Solomon's  Temple  at  Jerusalem.    The  fir&t  story 


MASONIC  TEMI'LE,  TWENTY-THIRD  STREET  AND  SIXTH  AVENUE. 


is  devoted  to  business  ;  the  second  to  the  Grand  Lodge  and  its 
officers,  and  contains,  when  this  body  is  not  in  session,  the  spacious 
room  used  for  concerts  and  lectures  ;  the  third  and  fourth  floors 
are  exclusively  used  for  Lodge  and  Chapter  bodies,  and  the  Man- 
sard story  is  used  by  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Rite  Masons,  and 
the  Knights  Templars.  The  income  from  this  building  is  to  be 
forever  contributed  as  a  fund  for  the  support  of  destitute  wido^v.s 
and  orphans  of  Masons. 

On  the  corner  of  Eighth  Avenue  stands  the  Grand  Opera  House. 
It  is  said  to  possess  the  largest  stage  and  auditorium  of  any  place 
of  amusement  in  the  United  States. 

Returning  through  Twenty-third  Street  to  Fourth  Avenue,  there 
may  be  seen  the  National  Academy  of  Design,  a  building  of  Ve- 
netian-Gothic style  of  architecture. 

On  the  opposite  corner  of  Twenty-third  Street  is  the  Young 


66  HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YOKK 


YOUNG  men's  christian  ASSOCIATION. 


Men's  Christian  Association  building,  which  was  completed  in 
1809.  On  another  corner  stands  the  New  York  College  of  Phy- 
sicians  and  Surgeons,  founded  in  1807. 


FIFTH  AVENUE. 


WASHINGTON  SQUAKE, 


Fifth  Avenue,  which  intersects  and  crosses  Broadway  at  Madi- 
son  Square,  and  extends  from  thence  to  the  Harlem  River,  has  its 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


67 


beginning  in  Washington  Square,  wliicli  early  in  this  century  was 
used  as  the  Potter's  Field,  but  which  was  converted  into  a  Park 
in  lS^i2.  Fiftli  Avenue  is  well  known  as  the  home  of  New  York 
elite,  and  on  Sunday  mornings  and  afternoons,  when  crowded  with 
promenaders  and  carriages  and  equestrians,  presents  an  avenue 
sight  unrivaled,  perhaps,  in  the  world.  Business,  however,  has 
encroached  here  as  elsewhere,  and  between  Waverley  Place,  the 
northern  boundairy  of   Washington  Square,  and  Twenty-third 


FIFTH  AVEMUE  AND  THIRTY-FOURTH  STREET.     A.  T.  STEWART'S  PALATIAL 
RESIDENCE. 


Street,  there  already  are  many  stores.  One  of  the  most  exclu- 
sively select  hotels,  the  Brevoort,  is  located  at  No.  11,  and  at  the 
juncture  of  Fourteenth  Street  is  another  of  Delmonico's  restaur- 
ants. Opposite  Delmonico's  is  Brewster's  Carriage  Repository. 

Near  Twenty-ninth  Street  may  be  seen  the  Church  of  the  Trans- 
figuration, familiarly  known  as  "  The  Little  Church  Bound  the  Cor- 
ner." It  was  given  this  name  by  the  pastor  of  a  neighboring 
church,  who,  refusing  to  perform  the  burial  services  of  an  actor, 
said  that  no  doubt  the  clergyman  of  the  little  church  round  the 
corner  would  consent  to. 

The  Fifth  Avenue  Theatre,  wdiich  is  devoted  principally  to  So- 


68  HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YOEK 


ciety  dramas,  is  not  on  Fifth  Avenue,  but  at  Broadway  and  Twen- 
ty-eiglitli  Street, 

The  most  expensive  mansion  in  the  city  is  located  on  the  corner 
of  Thirty-fourth  Street.  It  is  A.  T.  Stewart's,  of  white  marble, 
and  cost  more  than  one  million  dollars.  Opposite  the  Rutgers' 
Female  Institute,  between  Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Streets, 
may  be  seen  the  Distributing  Reservoir  of  the  Croton  Water 
Works.  It  covers  almost  an  entire  square,  extending  nearly  to 
Sixth  Avenue. 


GRAND  CENTRAL  DEPOT— FORTY-SECOND  STREET.  PASSENGER  DEPOT  OF  THE 
NEW  YORK  CENTRAL  AND  HUDSON  RIVER,  NEW  YOEK  AND  HARLEM,  AND 
NEW  YORK,  NEW  HAVEN,  AND  HARTFORD  RAILROADS. 


On  Forty-second  Street,  between  Vanderbilt  and  Fourth  Avenues, 
the  Grand  Central  Depot  is  situated,  from  which  leave  the  many 
daily  trains  of  the  New  York  and  New  Haven,  the  Harlem  and  the 
Hudson  River  Railroads,  It  is  the  largest  depot  in  America,  ex- 
tending as  far  as  Forty-fifth  Street,  being  692  feet  in  length,  240 


xVND  ITS  ENVIRONS. — ILLUSTRATED. 


69 


feet  in  v/idtli,  and  having  an  average  liight  of  60  feet.  The  walls 
are  of  brick,  with  iron  trimmings,  and  the  roof,  which  is  of 
wrought  iron,  is  supported  by  semi-circular  trusses  which  span 
190  feet. 

On  the  east  side  of  Fifth  Avenue,  between  Forty-third  and 
Forty-fourth  Streets,  stands  the  new  Jewish  Synagogue,  Temple 
Immanuelj  which  is  said  to  be  the  finest  example  of  tlie  Moresque 
style  of  architecture  in  America.  On  the  same  side  of  the  avenue, 
a  few  blocks  above,  may  be  seen  the  Windsor  Hotel,  one  of  the 
largest  and  best  hotels  in  this  country.  On  the  corner  of  Forty- 
eighth  Street,  on  the  west  side  of  the  avenue,  looms  up  the  lofty 
spire  of  the  Collegiate  Reformed  Church,  one  of  the  most  beauti- 
ful houses  of  worship  in  the  city. 

The  Buckingham  Hotel,  though  much  smaller  than  the  Wind* 
sor,  rivals  it  in  many  respects,  and  is  worthy  of  notice. 


COMPARATIVE  VIEWS  ON  FIFTH  AVEKUE.— UPPER  AND  LOWER  CRUST. 


Between  Fifty-first  and  Fifty-second  Streets,  on  the  most  ele- 
vated ground  on  Fifth  Avenue,  there  is  in  course  of  erection,  a 
large  cathedral,  which  will  be  the  most  expensive  edifice  of  its 
kind  in  the  United  States.  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral  was  projected 
by  the  late  Archbishop  Hughes,  who  laid  its  corner  stone  in  1858. 
For  a  time  its  construction  was  suspended,  but  upon  the  accession 
of  Archbishop,  now  Cardinal  McCloskey,  the  work  was  resumed. 
It  IS  of  the  Gothic  style  of  architecture,  and  is  expected  to  be  com- 
pleted in  1877.  An  altar  for  the  cathedral  was  ordered  by  Cardi- 
nal McCloskey  wdien  he  was  in  Rome  in  1875.  It  is  to  be  of  the 
finest  Italian  marble,  ornamented  with  jewels  and  mosaics,  and  is 
to  cost  $250,000. 

Occupying  the  entire  block,  on  the  east  side  of  Fifth  Avenue, 
between  Seventieth  and  Seventy-first  Streets,  stands  the  Lenox 
Library,  founded  by  James  Lenox.    The  bequest  of  Mr.  Lenox 


10 


HISTORY   OF  AND  HOW  TO   SEE  NET\^  YOEK 


included  one  of  tlie  most  valuable  collections  of  manuscripts,  books, 
engravings,  paintings,  and  other  works  of  art  in  the  country,  be- 
sides $800,000  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Library. 

A  short  distance  to  the  right,  on  Sixty-ninth  Street,  between 
Fourth  and  Lexington  Avenues,  is  situated  the  Normal  College. 
It  contains  thirty  recitation-rooms,  three  lecture-rooms,  a  calistlie- 
niura,  library,  and  a  main  hall  which  seats  sixteen  hundred 
students. 


CHATHAM  STREET  AND  THE  BOWERY, 


THE  HIGH  EGAD  TO  BOSTON. 

The  original  course  of  the  High  Road  to  Boston  was  across  the 
Common,  into  Chatham  Street,  and  thence  to  the  Boweky, 

One  of  the  old  and  important  streets  which  cross  Chatham  is 
Pearl,  on  the  lower  part  of  which,  until  the  great  fire  of  1835, 
were  located  the  principal  dry-goods  stores  of  the  city.  Turning 
to  the  right  and  proceeding  down  this  street  a  short  distance 
Franklin  Square  will  be  reached.  Here  stands  the  spacious 
building  of  Harper  Brothers,  one  of  the  largest  and  widest- 
known  publishing-houses  in  the  country.    Opposite  (No.  326)  may 


ill&llfjbr^s'P'pIS 


WALTON  HOUSE  AS  IT  WAS  IN  1776,  AND  AS  IT  IS  IN  1876. 

be  seen  the  old  Walton  House,  which,  a  century  ago,  was  con- 
sidered one  of  the  finest,  if  not  the  finest,  mansion  in  New  York. 
It  was  erected  in  1754,  by  William  Walton,  a  wealthy  English 
gentleman.* 


*  "The  house  was  built  in  1754  hy  William  Walton,  a  wealthy  merchant,  and 
'Member  of  His  Majesty's  Council  for  the  Province  of  New  York.'  Wlien  he 
selected  the  site,  people  asked  with  amazement  why  he  proposed  to  build  so  far 
out  of  town.  At  that  time  there  was  only  one  building  on  the  south  side  of 
Pearl  (then  Queen)  Street,  between  Peck  Slip  and  Cherry,  and  only  four  or  five 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS.  ILLUSTRATED. 


71 


In  those  days  the  land  in  the  neighborhood  of  Roosevelt,  James, 
Oliver,  Oak,  Catherine,  and  Batavia  Streets  was  extremely  marshy, 

and  was  known  as  the 
Swamp  Meadow.* 

The  Kolch,  Kalch  or 
Kalk  -  hook  Pond  (later 
known  as  the  Collect), 
was  a  lake  of  considerable 
extent,  and  on  its  shores, 
it  is  supposed,  once  stood 
the  Avigwams  of  the  fierce 


THE  COLLECT,  OK  FRESH-WATER  POND,  AS  IT  WAS  lOU  YEARS  AGO,  AND  AS  IT  IS 
NOW  WITH  THE  TOMBS  AND  OTHER  BUILDINGS  ON  THE  SAME  SPOT. 


in  the  neighborhood  of  Franklin  Square.  When  completed,  the  Walton  mansion 
was  the  wonder  of  the  day.  The  main  entrance  boasted  a  massive  portico  with 
fluted  columns.  Two  rows  of  balustrades  eucii'cled  the  roof.  A  grand  mahogany 
staircase  occupied  the  centre  of  the  house.  Some  of  the  great  rooms  were  pan- 
eled in  oak,  richly  carved,  while  the  walls  of  the  others  were  hung  with  stamped 
leather,  heavily  gilded,  which  was  then  extremely  fashionable.  The  bright  yel- 
low bricks,  of  which  the  building  was  constructed,  were  brought  from  Holland; 
the  live  oak  used  for  timbers  was  imported  from  England,  and  the  tiles  of  the 
great  sloping  roof  were  of  Dutch  make.  The  pediment  was  ornamented  with 
two  angels  carved  in  stone,  who  supported  the  Walton  coat-of-arms.  The  house 
was  magnificently  furnished,  and  its  gilding,  carving,  tapestries,  carpets,  and 
gold  and  silver  plate  were  the  talk  and  marvel  of  the  town.  The  old  house  has 
long  ago  seen  its  best  days.  It  is  a  wreck  now,  and  out  of  place,  stranded  among 
a  people  with  whom  it  has  no  sympathy.  The  spacious  interior  affords  room  for 
half  a  dozen  stores,  and  an  army  of  tenants  populate  the  remote  interior.  But 
it  has  a  history,  and  something  of  our  Centennial's  glory  will  soon  light  up  its 
worn  and  aged  face." — Mines. 

*  This  swamp  was  connected  with  the  Collect  Pond,  which  was  on  the  other 
side  of  Chatham  Street,  by  a  small  stream  over  which  that  thoroughfare  was 
crossed  by  a  bridge  near  the  corner  of  Roosevelt  Street.   This  bridge,  which 


T2 


HISTORY   OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


Manhattans.  This  supposition  is  based  upon  the  fact  that  on  the 
hill  which  rose  from  its  western  side  there  were  found  large  de- 
posits of  shells,  which  is  strongly  indicative  of  a  settlement  hav- 
ing once  been  there.  To  these  shells  the  Pond  owed  its  name, 
the  Dutch  Kalch  or  Kalk-liook,  meaning  Lime  Shell  Point.* 

Among  the  many  hundred  buildings  which  have  risen  up  from 
the  site  of  the  Fresh  w^ater  Pond,  as  the  Collect  was  sometimes 
called,  the  most  noticeable,  perhaps,  is  the  City  Prison,  generally 
known  as  The  Tombs,  but  which  originally  was  termed  the  HallV. 
of  Justice.  Its  erection  was  determined  on  in  1833,  and  in  1838  it 
"was  completed  ready  for  occupation.! 

Returning  through  Pearl  Street  to  the  Boston  High  Road  and 
proceeding  onwards,  the  first  street  on  the  left  to  attract  attention 
is  Baxter.  This  narrow  way  passes  through  the  heart  of  a  locali- 
ty which  once  was  the  disgrace  of  New  York,  "  The  Five  Points." 
Though  this  neighborhood  is  anything  but  inviting,  even  at  the 
present  day,  still  it  may  be  said  to  be  quite  respectable  when  com- 
pared to  its  former  condition.  Ascending  the  slight  hill,  and  pass- 
ing through  Chatham  Square,  which  is  remarkable  for  nothing 
in  particular,  the  Bowery  is  entered. 

then  was  outside  of  the  town,  was  called  the  "  Kissikg-Beidge."  from  a  pleasant 
custom  of  the  lads  and  lassies  of  those  times  when  out  sleighing  or  riding.  At 
this  point,  also,  was  located  the  famous  Tea-Watee  Speing,  which,  through 
the  medium  of  the  Tea- Water  Pctmp,  supplied  with  water  a  population  often  or 
twelve  thousand  people. 

*  There  was  for  some  time  no  little  dispute  about  the  ownership  of  the  Pond, 
and  between  1686  and  1733  several  patents  were  granted  to  various  claimants, 
but  in  1733  the  King  granted  it  to  Axthony  Rutgers,  whose  old  family  mansion 
stood  on  the  banks  of  the  Pond  in  1768  There  still  being  conflicting  claims  for 
its  possession  between  the  Corporation  and  the  Rutgers  heirs,  in  1791  the  latter 
executed  a  release  of  the  disputed  property  for  the  consideration  of  £150.  Soon 
after  the  Revolution  it  became  a  question  what  it  was  best  to  do  with  the  Pond. 
It  was  finally  concluded  to  fill  it  in  and  lay  out  streets  over  the  new  ground. 
Accordingly,'  with  this  purpose  in  view,  it  was  surveyed  in  1791.  As  early  as 
1766  one  Monsieur  Mangin  had  proposed  to  make  a  dock  or  basin,  in  the  deep 
water  of  the  Collect,  as  a  harbor  for  shipping,  which  should  connect  with  both 
the  North  and  East  Rivers,  by  means  of  a  canal  four  feet  in  width,  and  it  appears 
that  the  Corporation,  even  after  their  survey,  were  rather  undecided  about  the 
matter,  for  this  same  project  was  re-agitated  as  late  as  1805,  when,  however,  a 
final  decision  was  rendered  against  it.  At  this  time  (1805)  there  was  an  open 
ditch  or  canal  in  the  middle  of  Collect,  tiow  Centee  Steeet.  which  still  re- 
mained there  until  1816.  Centre  Street  was  first  projected  in  1795,  and  in  1797 
a  portion  of  it  was  termed  Pottee's  Hill.  Afterward  it  was  named  Collect 
Steeet,  and  in  1817  part  was  known  as  Collect  and  part  Rynders  Street.  Since 
then  it  has  borne  its  present  title. 

t  The  apartments  in  the  prison  will  comfortably  accommodate  200  prisoners, 
but  as  many  as  500  have  at  one  time  been  crowded  within  its  walls.  The  cells 
for  males  number  150,  and  those  for  females  22.  Those  on  the  second  tier  are 
for  the  reception  of  criminals  guilty  of  murder  and  arson,  and  those  on  the  third 
tier  for  persons  committed  for  burglary  and  grand  larceny.  Eleven  cells  of  es- 
pecial strength  are  set  apart  ior  convicted  murderers,  six  others  for  those  con- 
victed of  less  serious  crimes,  and  six  are  used  for  hospital  purposes.  Each 
convict  confined  here  costs  the  county,  it  is  said,  thirty  cents  per  day.  In  the 
inner  quadrangle,  when  occasion  demands,  the  fatal  gallows  is  erected.  In  that 
part  of  the  Tombs  which  fronts  on  Centre  Street  is  held  the  Tombs  Police 
Court,  and  the  Court  ov  Special  Sessions. 


AND   ITS  ENVlliONS.  ILLU STKATED. 


THE  BOWERY 

was  originally  called  tlie  Bowery  Road,  a  name  wliicli  it  acquired 
because  it  led  through  Peter  Stuyvesant's  farm,  or  "Bouweky." 
In  liGO  it  was  known  as  the  Boweky  Lane,  and  since  1807  it  has 
been  styled  the  Bowery.  It  was  along  the  Bowery  that  the  CoN- 
TiXEXTAL  Army  marched  on  their  triumphal  entry  into  New  York 
when  the  British  evacuated  the  city.  The  enemy  having  claimed 
the  right  of  possession  until  noon  on  the  day  of  evacuation,  the 
American  troops,  under  command  of  General  Knox,  advanced  on 
that  frosty  morning  from  Harlem  only  as  far  as  the  juncture  of 
Third  Avenue  and  Bowery,  where  they  halted  until  about  one 
o'clock,  when  iliey  marched  on  and  occupied  the  city. 


TRIUMPHAL  ENTRY  OF  WASHINGTON  AND  THE  AMERICAN  ARMY  INTO  NEW  yiUlK 
VIA  BOWERY,  NOVEMBER  25,  1783. 


Almost  at  the  beginning  of  this  thoroughfare  stands  the  old 
Bowery  Theatre,  which  for  years  has  been  the  favorite  resorts  of 
those  who  delight  in  witnessing  the  sensational  drama.  In  1800, 
and  for  many  years  afterward,  the  present  site  of  the  Bowery 
Theatre  was  used  for  a  market  for  the  sale  of  cattle,  and  known 
as  The  Bull's  Head. 

Nearly  opposite  may  be  seen  the  Stadt  Theatre,  which  has  one 
of  the  largest  auditoViums  in  the  country,  and  which  is  the  best 
German  Theatre  in  the  city.  Next  door  to  the  Bowery  Theatre  is 
the  Atlantic  Garden,  a  spacious  concert  and  lager  beer  hall  and 
garden,  which  is  the  favorite  evening  resort  not  only  of  a  large 
]va:nber  of  Germans  and  their  families,  but  of  xlmericans  and.  in 
fact,  people  of  all  nationalities. 
4 


74  HISTORY  OF  AND  HOAV  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


On  the  streets  leading  from  either  side  of  the  Bowery,  the  tene- 
ment houses  loom  up,  and  possibly  there  is  not  a  more  densely 
populated  section  of  New  York  than  this,  which  borders  on  the 
broad  avenues.  On  its  east  side,  extending  from  Division  Street 
to  about  Tenth  Street  (and  above  that  east  of  Second  Avenue)  is 
that  part  of  the  city  called  Little  Germany,  owing  to  the  preva- 
lence of  German  families  throughout  the  district. 


bull's  head,  1800  ;  same  site,  bowery  thkatrk  and  sukroundings,  1876. 


One  of  the  latest  and  most  noticeable  structures  erected  on  this 
street  is  the  Dry  Dock  Sayings  Bank,  at  the  corner  of  Third 
Street.  Tompkins  Market,  the  upper  part  of  which  is  used  as  the 
armory  and  drill-room  for  the  Seventh  Regiment,  New  York 
State  National  Guard,  may  be  seen  at  the  juncture  of  Bowery 
and  Third  Avenue.  A  few  doors  to  the  right,  on  Eighth  Street,  is 
the  TivoLi  Garden.  A  block  beyond,  on  Third  Avenue,,  begins 
Stuyyesant  Place,  whereon  is  located  St.  Mark's  Church,  built 
in  1779,  and  within  whose  vaults  rest  the  mortal  remains  of  Pe- 
TRUS  Stuyvesant,  who  died  August,  1G82,  aged  80  years. 

Between  Sixty-third  and  Sixty-fourth  Streets,  on  the  east  side 
of  Third  Avenue,  stands  a  low  building  familiarly  known  as  the 
Rink,  wherein  are  annually  held  the  fairs  of  the  American  Insti- 
tute, which  are  most  interesting  exhibitions  of  the  results  of  me- 
chanical and  other  industries  and  improvements.  These  exposi- 
tions commence  early  in  September  and  close  in  November. 


AND   ITS  ENVIRONS.  ] 


■ILLUSTRATED. 


75 


ALONG  THE  DOCKS  AND  SLIPS. 


DAY  may  be  pleasantly  and  profitably  spent  in  an  ex- 
amination of  the  water-front  of  the  city  ;  the  scenes 
and  incidents  associated  with  the  daily  business  of  the 
occasion,  will  afford  the  liveliest  enjoyment.  Com- 
merce is  the  first  important  element  in  New  York's 
great  prosperity.    Forty  years  ago  the  exciting  politi- 


cal war-cry  of  the  day,  and  the  synonym  of  success,  was  "Free 
Trade  and  Sailors'  Rights  !  " 

Xew  York  enjoys  great  facilities  for  both  foreign  and  domestic 
or  coast-wise  commerce,  and  surpasses  every  other  State  in  the 
Union  in  the  absolute  tonnage  owned  by  her  merchants.  The 
commercial  craft  of  the  world  finds  a  sure  harbor  and  a  resting 
place  at  our  wharves  ;  the  productions  of  every  nation  finds  a 
market  here,  not  excelled  by  any  other  country. 

As  before  suggested,  a  ramble  along  the  streets  bordering  upon 
the  two  rivers,  will  afford  some  idea  of  the  magnitude  of  the  busi- 
ness transacted  at  our  wharves,  of  the  immense  number  of  men 
employed,  the  machinery  used,  the  number  of  vehicles  required, 
and  the  vast  amount  of  labor  accomplished. 


Starting  from  the  upper  part  of  the  city  on  the  west,  or  North 
River  side,  the  smaller  craft,  used  mostly  as  coasting  and  pleasure 
vessels,  will  attract  our  attention.  At  the  foot  of  West  Tenth, 
Cliristopher,  and  other  streets,  may  be  seen  an  extended  line  of 
floating  barges  used  for  the  sale  of  Oysters.    This  is  the  head- 


^6  HISTORY   OF   AND    HOW   TO   SEE   NEW  YORK 


quarters  of  the  North  River  Oyster  trade.  From  this  market  is 
sold  and  shipped  a  large  portion  of  the  oysters  brought  to  this  city. 
Passing-  down,  we  meet  the  crowds  that  throng  the  streets  and 
wharves  at  which  are  moored  the  immense  ocean  steamships  of 
the  Pacific  Mail  Company,  the  White  Star  line,  the  Inman  line, 
and  the  hundreds  of  smaller  river  steamers.  Further  on,  we  en- 
counter the  vast  Produce-trade,  which  monopolizes  the  docks  from 
Canal  to  Cortlandt  Streets,  and  many  of  the  intersecting  streets  as 
far  back  as  Greenwich  Street.  At  Washington  Market  is  concen- 
trated almost  the  entire  market  trade  of  the  city.  A  visit  to  the 
interior  and  the  surroundings  of  this  huge  establishment  will  fully 
compensate  for  the  time  and  labor  devoted,  and,  in  fact,  an  exani- 
ination  must  be  made  to  appreciate  the  magnitude  of  the  business 
of  this  stupendous  storehouse  of  the  country's  productions,  and  of 
the  daily  demands  of  the  people  for  the  necessaries  of  life.  Pass- 
ing on,  we  encounter  the  multitudes  of  people  hurrying  to  the 
several  Jersey  City  ferries,  anxious  to  catch  the  trains  for  home 
and  distant  transportations.  In  due  time,  we  reach  the  Battery, 
in  which  the  traveler  may  stroll  for  a  brief  period,  admire  the 
beauties  of  the  place,  and  contemplate  the  incidents  of  the  past. 

After  passing  the  Staten  Island,  Hamilton,  and  South  Ferries, 
on  the  East  River,  we  reach  the  docks  filled  with  canal  boats. 
Here  is  concentrated  the  great  flour  trade  of  the  West.  More  than 
a  thousand  boats  pass  in  and  out  of  these  slips  every  week  during 
the  busy  season.  We  next  come  to  Wall  Street  Ferry,  with  its 
crowds  of  passengers  passing  to  and  fro  ;  now  we  are  among  the 
heavy  foreign  and  coast-wise  sailing  vessels,  constantly  loading 
and  unloading,  and  then  the  smaller  craft  used  for  fruit  transpor- 
tation make  a  depot  for  the  sale  of  oranges,  bananas,  pineapples, 
grapes,  and  the  choicest  fruits  from  the  tropics.  Continuing  our 
journey,  west  and  in  front  of  Fulton  Ferry,  we  for  a  moment  will 
observe  the  immense  crowds  of  passengers  and  vehicles  that  pass 
over  this  ferry — the  number  is  estimated  by  millions.  On  the  op- 
posite side  of  the  street  is  the  well-known  Fulton  Market,  cele- 
brated for  its  choice  fruits  and  fine  oysters — the  best  in  the  world. 
Opposite  and  covering  the  entire  water-front,  from  Beekman  to 
Fulton  Streets,  is  the  wholesale  fish-market.  This  is  the  great 
fish  depot  of  the  city,  and  millions  of  dollars'  worth  of  business  is 
done  here  annually.  A  visit  to  this  piscatorial  establishment  early 
in  the  morning  will  gratify  as  well  as  astonish. 

Passing  on,  we  meet  the  numerous  steamboat  landings  at  Peck 
Slip,  the  Roosevelt  St.,  James  Slip  (Hunter's  Point),  and  Catharine 
St.  Ferries,  and  then  the  curiously  constructed  Dry  Docks,  where 
vessels  are  raised  bodily  from  the  water  for  repairs,  are  seen. 

Continuing  our  journey,  we  pass  immense  iron  foundries,  storage 
houses,  oil  factories,  Grand  Street  Ferries,  depots  for  oyster  and 
coal  barges,  Houston  Street  Ferry,  the  old  ship  yards,  and  finally 
the  i^nd  of  all  that  is  curious  or  interesting  in  connection  with  the 
water  front  of  the  commercial  emporium  of  the  United  States, 


Wheke  less  than  a  quarter  of 
a  century  ago  only  a  wild  wilder- 
ness, barren  rocks  and  ledges, 
loathsome  swamps  and  tangled 
thickets  met  the  eye,  has  ap- 
peared, as  if  by  magic,  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  parks  in  the 
world. 

Central  Park,  which  was 
commenced  in  1858,  and  which 
embraces  an  area  of  843  acres 
(141  of  which  are  occupied  by 
the  Croton  reservoirs),  lies  be- 
tween Fifth  and  Eighth  Aven- 
ues, extends  from  Fifty-ninth 

to  One  Hundred  and  Tenth  Street,  and  is  accessible  by  almost 
every  horse-car  line  in  the  city  (the  Cross-town  lines  except- 
ed). Its  entire  length  is  two  and  one-half  miles,  and  its  width 
about  half  a  mile.  It  may  be  entered  by  eighteen  different  gates 
(each  of  which  is  named),  but  the  principal  entrances  are  on 
Fifty-ninth  Street,  at  Fifth,  Sixth,  Seventh,  and  Eighth  Avenues. 
Carriages,  belonging  to  the  Park,  leave  the  Fifth  and  Eighth 
Avenue  entrances,  at  short  intervals,  throughout  the  day,  which 
convey  passengers,  for  the  sum  of  twenty-five  cents  each,  through 


78  HISTORY  OF  AXD   HOW  TO   SEE  NEW  YORK 


the  Park,  visiting  its  most  interesting  parts.  Tlie  legal  rates  of 
hack  fare  (hackmen  are  in  constant  attendance  on  Fifty-nintli 
Street)  are  as  follows  :  All  around  the  Park,  with  privilege  of 
keeping  carriage  two  hours,  $4.00  ;  to  principal  parts  of  the  Park 
$3.00  ;  to  Casino,  Lake,  and  return,  $2.00  ;  when  engaged  by  the 
hour,  $2.00  per  single  hour,  or  at  the  rate  of  $1.50  per  hour  for 
three  or  more  hours.  Park  Police  are  always  near  at  hand,  and  it 
is  their  duty  to  civilly  answer  inquiries. 

Arriving  in  the  Park  the  bustle  of  business  is  left  behind,  and 
w^ander  where  you  will,  no  sights  suggestive  of  the  turmoil  of 
trade  will  present  themselves,  for  no  city  thoroughfares  enter  its 
confines,  the  connection  between  the  east  and  west  sides  of  New 
York  being  kept  up  by  means  of  four  streets— Sixtv-fifth,  Seventy- 
ninth,  Eighty-fifth,  and  Ninety-seventh— which  mav  be  said  to 
pass  under  the  Park. 

Passing  on,  all  is  pleasant  and  beautiful  about  you,  and  nearly 
every  one  you  meet  seems  to  be  happy. 

The  principal  points  of  interest  in  the  Park,  are  the  Museum, 
the  Mall,  the  Casixo,  the  Terrace,  the  Lake,  the  Ramble,  and 
the  Reseryoies. 

The  Museum  is  only  a  short  distance  from  the  Fifth  Avenue 
entrance.  Here  may  be  seen  many  objects  and  si:)ecimens  si^ecially 
interesting  to  the  student  or  lover  of  Natural  History  ;  also  a  large 
collection  of  birds  which  have  been  most  carefully  arranged  and 
classified.  In  adjacent  buildings  there  is  quite  a  menagerie  of 
wild  animals,  brought  from  all  parts  of  the  globe.  A  larger  and 
more  suitable  edifice  is  now  in  course  of  erection  on  the  west  side 
of  the  Park,  between  Seventy-seventh  and  Eighty-first  Streets. 
The  foundation-stone  was  laid  in  June,  1874,  by  President  Grant. 
It  will  possess  a  Meteorological  and  Astronomical  Observatory,  be- 
sides  a  Museum  of  Natural  Historv,  and  a  Gallerv  of  Art,  and  will 
cost  about  $6,000,000. 

At  the  head  of  the  Pond,  near  the  Museum,  there  stands  a  small 
Gothic  cottage,  which  is  known  as  The  Dairy,  where  pure  fresh 
milk  may  be  procured  for  children  at  a  very  moderate  charge. 

The  Mall  is  a  broad  promenade,  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in 
length  and  208  feet  in  width,  lined  with  trees  on  either  side,  and 
situated  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  ]a^vn.  Here,  during  the  summer 
months,  Dodsworth's  Band  discourses  operatic  selections  and  pop- 
ular airs,  from  a  pagoda-like  band-stand,  on  Saturday  afternoons, 
to  the  delight  ot  the  thousands  who  throng  the  Park  on  that  day. 
To  the  right  of  the  Mail,  on  a  hill,  is  located 

The  Casino,  a  fashionable  resort  and  restaurant,  where  all  kinds 
of  refreshments  may  be  obtained.  At  the  head  of  the  Mall,  and 
overlooking  the  Lake,  is  an  architectural  structure,  which  is  termed 

The  Terrace,  a  series  of  stone  steps  lead  from  the  Mall  to  the 
shores  of  the  main  Lake,  a  very  beautiful  sheet  of  water  of  con- 
siderable extent.     During  the  warm  season,  it  is  usually  dotted 


AND  ITS  EXVIKOXS.  ILLUSTKATilJ). 


79 


with  boats  filled  with,  pleasure  seekers,  and  in  the  winter  thou- 
sands daily  skim  over  its  icy  bosom.  Keeping  to  the  left,  and 
following  a  winding  path  along  its  bank,  a  bridge  will  soon  bo 
seen  which  leads  to 

The  Ramble. — This  section  of  the  Park,  which  extends  from 
the  Lake  to  the  Lower  Reservoir  is  devoted  entirely  to  walks,  and 
is  one  of  the  pleasantest  parts  of  the  great  pleasure-ground.  There 
is  within  its  limits  a  small  Cascade  and  a  Cave. 

The  Reservoirs. — The  old  Reservoir  extends  from  Eighty  to 
Eighty -fifth  Street,  and  is  located  in  about  the  centre  of  the  Park. 
Its  capacity  is  150,000,000  gallons  of  water.  The  new  Reservoir 
which  is  double  the  size  of  the  old  one,  and  is  situated  just  north 
of  it,  was  first  used  in  1862. 

Overlooking  the  Reservoirs  is  a  Gothic  structure  called  the  Bel- 
vedere, whose  tower  commands  a  fine  view. 

There  are  many  other  points  and  places  which  will  be  of  great 
interest  to  the  traveler  and  stranger,  but  lack  of  space  here  pre- 
vents our  mention  of  them  in  these  pages.  Distributed  about  the 
Park  are  a  number  of  v/orks  of  art,  among  which  may  be  men- 
tioned the  statues  of  Prof.  Morse,  Shakespeare,  and  Sir  Walter 
Scott.  Possibly  the  finest  piece  of  sculpture  in  the  Park  is  that 
of  the  Tigress  and  Curs,  which  is  situated  on  a  little  hill  on  the 
left  of  the  Terrace. 

TOMPKINS  SQU/LRE. 

This  is  the  grand  Square  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  city  ;  it  is 
bounded  by  Avenues  A  and  B,  and  Seventh  and  Tenth  Streets.  It 
is  used  as  a  parade  ground  for  the  First  Division  of  New  York  Mili- 
tia, the  popular  promenade  and  place  for  holding  mass  meetings 
by  the  people  residing  in  its  vicinity. 

STTJ  YVES  ANT  SaUARE. 

This  is  the  prettiest  of  the  smaller  Parks  in  the  city,  and  is  a 
portion  of  the  old  Stujrvesant  farm.  It  is  bounded  by  Rutherford 
and  Li\ingston  Places,  Fifteenth  and  Seventeenth  Streets. 

GRAIVLMERCY  PARK, 

Lying  between  Third  and  Fourth  Avenues,  Twentieth  and 
Twenty-first  Streets.  This  is  a  private  Park,  owned  by  the  prop- 
erty owners  residing  around  it. 

MOUNT  MORRIS  PARK, 

Bounded  by  120th  and  124th  Streets,  and  Fifth  and  Sixth  Aven- 
ues. This  is  the  great  public  Park  of  Harlem,  and  one  of  the  most 
eligible  locations  on  the  island.  The  roads  rising  far  above  the 
grades  of  the  adjacent  streets,  make  it  an  agreeable  place  of  resort 
when  the  atmosphere  is  clear,  and  a  walk  up  the  hill  is  inviting. 


80 


HISTOKV   OF  AVT)   UOW  TO   SEE  NEAV  YORK 


That  portion  of  this  Park  on  the  grade  of  the  surrounding-  streets 
is  completed,  and  is  not  inferior  to  any  other  Park  in  the  city. 

RESERVOIR  PARK 

Is  located  between  the  Fifth  and  Sixth  Avenues,  and  Fortieth  and 
Forty-second  Streets.  It  is  a  beautiful  Park  of  moderate  dimen- 
sions, with  artistically  laid  out  walks. 

RIVERSIDE  PARK, 

Situated  on  the  Hudson  River,  between  Seventy-second  and 
129th  Streets,  is  a  long  narrow  strip  of  land,  almost  entirely  on  the 
river  slope,  of  about  82  acres,  and  is  remarkable  for  its  natural 
beauties. 

MORNINGSIDE  PARK 

Is  a  newly-laid  out  Park,  fonning  the  area  between  Eighth  and 
Ninth  Avenues  and  110th  to  123d  Streets.  The  land  is  irregular 
and  beautifully  adapted  to  make  one  of  the  grandest  places  of  re- 
sort, as  a  pleasure-ground,  in  the  city. 

HARLEM  AND  VICINITY. 

Harlem  is  by  no  means  devoid  of  historical  and  Revolutionary 
reminiscences.  When  General  Washington  found  it  necessary, 
in  September,  1776,  to  evacuate  the  City  of  New  York,  he  retreated 
with  his  army  toward  Mount  W^ashington  and  King's  Bridge. 
Fortifications  were  immediately  thrown  up  in  Harlem  and  vicinity, 
among  which  may  be  mentioned  :  a  line  of  breastworks  near  the 
Harlem  River,  extending  from  136th  Street  to  Bussing's  Point, 
near  McComb's  Dam  ;  a  battery  on  each  side  of  Harlem  Cove,  at 
Manhattanville  (since  noted  as  the  home  of  Audubon,  the  Natur- 
alist), 131st  to  133d  Streets  ;  a  line  of  works  along  the  hills  (the 
present  site  of  the  Convent  of  the  Sacred  Heart)  extending  to  150th 
Street ;  a  line  of  intrenchments,  with  three  batteries  and  ahatis 
near  151st  Street,  extending  a  distance  of  about  a  mile  to  the  Hud- 
son River  ;  another  line  with  three  batteries  and  ahatis  along  161st 
and  162d  Streets,  and  a  redoubt  on  the  high  bank  of  Harlem  River 
at  the  foot  of  156th  Street. 

Harlem  is  now  included  within  the  limits  of  New  York. 

Looking  up  the  Harlem  River,  a  massive  granite  structure  ob- 
structs the  view.  It  is  the  High  Bridge,  composed  of  a  number 
of  arches — eight  of  which  span  eighty  feet  each,  at  an  elevation  of 
one  hundred  feet  above  the  river — by  means  of  which  the  water 
of  the  Croton  Aqueduct  is  borne  in  immense  pipes  a  distance  of  a 
quarter  mile  across  the  valley  and  river. 

About  seven  miles  from  Harlem  Bridge,  just  above  Fordham, 
Woodlawn  Cemetery  is  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  River 
Bronx,  a  tributary  of  Harlem  River.  It  was  established  in  1864, 
contains  three  hundred  acres,  and  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of 
the  many  cemeteries  in  the  neighborhood  of  New  York. 


GENEllAL  INFOKMATION. 


81 


ADJACENT  ISLANDS  AND  POPULAR  RESORTS. 


JBlaokwell'w  Isla.n.d. 

Keceived  its  uaine  from  its  forni'^r 
owner.  Ou  this  Island  are  the  Charity, 
Small  Pox,  Fever,  Infant,  Incurables, 
E[)ilcpticrt,  and  Paralytics  Hospitals  ; 
i'fiiiteutiary,  Alms-house,  and  Lunatic 
Asylum. 

"Wa-i*d.'s  Island., 

At  the  junction  of  the  East  and 
Harlem  Rivers,  opposite  100th  and 
114th  Streets.  It  contains  Hospital  for 
Emif^rants,  Inebriate  Asylum,  and  Pot- 
ter's Field. 

Raiiciall's  Island 

Is  a  short  distance  north  of 
Ward's  Island.  On  it  are  the  House  of 
liefuge  for  the  reformation  of  children; 
Idiots'  and  Infants'  Hospital. 

l^^Thes^e  institutions  are  under  the 
charge  of  the  Commissioners  of  Chari- 
ties and  Corrections,  corner  E.  11th 
Street  and  Third  Ave.,  from  whom  per- 
mission to  visit  must  be  obtained. 
The  Islands  are  reached  by  steamboat 
from  foot  of  E.  26th  Street. 
Staten  Island, 

In  the  Bay,  six  miles  from  the 
city,  has  a  beautifully  rounded  eleva- 
tion of  four  hundred  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  It  aboxmds  with  beautiful 
villages,  seats,  and  is  surrounded  with 
the  most  enchanting  scenery,  and  easy 
of  access.  Reached  by  steamboats  from 
Whitehall  Dock  and  Pier  No.  19,  N.  R. 
Long  Bi'ancli, 

Thirty-tliree  miles  from  New 
York,  is  the  famous  ocean  watering- 
place.  Niamerous  first-class  hotels  and 
private  boarding-houses  adorn  the 
bluffs  for  several  miles.  Reached  by 
boats  from  Piers  8  and  35,  to  Sandy 
Hook,  thence  by  cars,  or  via  Central  of 
New  Jersey  R.  R.  from  Pier  15. 
Higlilands  of  I^.  J. 

This  favorite  resort  affords  the 
boldest  ocean  view  within  the  State. 
Several  first-class  hotels  are  arranged 
along  the  beach.  Boating,  fishing,  sea- 
bathing, and  the  enjoyment  of  good 
living  are  the  prominent  features  of 
this  place.  Reached  by  steamboats 
from  Pier  23,  N.  R. 
Red  Bank, 

A  pleasant  town  on  the  branch  of 
the  Neversink  River,  a  delightful  pla.ce 
#or  summer  resort.  Reached  by  steam- 
boats from  Pier  35,  and  railroad  from 
Pirr  1.5.  N.  R. 


Coney  I.slarid, 

The  great  bathing  establishment 
of  the  Metropolis.  Every  body  goes, 
during  the  warm  season,  to  Coney 
Island  for  a  surf  bath,  or  to  enjoy  the 
benefit  of  the  invigorating  sea  breeze. 
Reached  by  cars  from  the  Brooklyn 
ferries,  or  by  boat  from  Pier  35,  N.  R. 
liockaway  Beach., 

The  finest  for  sea-bathing  in  the 
world,  is  a  popular  summer  resort.  It 
has  several  large  and  well-conducted 
hotels.  To  be  reached  by  Southside 
Railroad  from  Williamsburg. 
Hockiaway,  via  Canarsie. 

This  is  one  of  the  popular  re- 
sorts for  surf-bathing,  and  the  enjoy- 
ment of  aquatic  sports,  chowders,  and 
clam-bakes.  Several  good  hotels  are  at 
this  place.  Reached  by  cars  from 
Brooklyn  ferries  to  Canarsie,  thence  by 
steamboat  over  Jamaica  Bay  to  the 
Beach. 

Fire  Island, 

On  the  easterly  part  of  Long 
Island,  about  twenty-five  miles  from 
New  York,  is  now  one  of  the  popular 
and  fashionable  places  of  resort  during 
the  summer.  Good  hotel  acconnnoda- 
tions.  Reached  by  the  Long  Island  and 
Southern  Railroads  to  Babylon,  thence 
by  boat  across  the  Great  South  Bay. 
Bay  Side, 

Four  miles  from  Flushing,  is  a 
delightful  place  for  a  day's  enjoyment ; 
the  scenery  is  beautiful,  and  the  Bay 
is  famous  for  fishing,  boating,  and 
clam-baking.  A  clam-roast  in  the  prim- 
itive style,  and  a  fish-chowder  are 
among  the  luxuries  of  this  lovely  place. 
It  is  reached  via  Hunter's  Point  and 
Flushing  by  cars. 
Keyport, 

A  beautiful  village  on  Raritan 
Bay,  twenty-two  miles  from  New  York. 
This  place  is  noted  for  the  superior 
quality  of  its  oysters  and  fine  fishing. 
Several  good  hotels  are  to  be  found 
here.  Reached  bv  boats  from  Pier  No. 
26,  N.  R. 

ITisliing  Banks. 

During  the  warm  weather  excur- 
sions are  frequently  made  to  the  Fish- 
ing Banks,  which  are  popular  and 
sometimes  beneficial  to  health,  from 
the  good  effects  of  "casting  up  old  or 
indigestible  accounts."  (See  advertise- 
ments in  daily  papers.) 


82  HISTORY  OF  AND   HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YOKK 


I'ULXUN  FiiKRY  HUU.SK. 


ENVIRONS  OF  THE  CITY. 

BROOKLYN. 

ROOKLYN  is  the  third  city  in  the  Union  in  regard  to 
size,  and  has  a  population  of  nearly  half  a  million.  Two 
or  three  days  may  be  devoted  to  visiting  this  beautiful 
city  with  great  advantage,  as  it  contains  many  places 
of  local  and  historical  interest.  Its  suburbs  abound  in 
interesting  and  pleasant  places  of  resort  for  the  grati- 
fication of  the  curious  and  the  seeker  after  the  beautiful  in  nature 
and  art. 

For  more  than  two  centuries  people  have  been  crossing  the  East 
River  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  present  Fulton  Ferry,  In  fact,  in 
the  old  Knickerbocker  times  the  rent  of  the  Brooklyn  Ferry  was 
the  principal  item  of  income  to  the  City  of  New  Amsterdam,  for 
then,  as  now,  Long  Island  farmers  came  to  the  Metropolis  to  dis- 
pose of  their  stock  and  produce.  The  "Old  Ferry  "  was  from  Peck 
Slip,  New  York,  to  Fulton  Street,  Brooklyn,  and  the  first  ferry-man 
of  whom  mention  is  made  was  one  Cornelius  Dircksen,  who  kept 
an  inn  (1642)  near  Peck  Slip.  He  was  obliged,  by  law,  to  run  six 
boats,  which  were  each  manned  by  three  oarsmen,  and  the  longest 
time  allowed  for  a  trip,  in  the  winter,  was  seventy-two  minutes. 

While  standing  on  the  ferry-boat  deck,  the  massive  stone  towers, 
one  on  either  side  of  the  river,  cannot  fail  to  attract  attention. 
From  these  are  to  be  suspended  the  Brooklyn  and  New  York 
Suspension  Bridge,  which  ere  long  will  span  the  river  and  unite 
the  two  cities. 


AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. — ILLUSTRATED. 


83 


Some  distance  beyond  the  Bridge  Tower  (Brooklyn  side)  Walla- 
bout  Bay*  indents  the  shores  of  Long  Island,  There  is  located 
the  Navy  Yard,  and  in  that  immediate  vicinity  the  first  settlement 
on  the  Island  was  made  in  1625,  by  the  Walloons  from  Holland, 
and  there,  in  their  little  village,  the  first  white  child  (Sarah  Rap- 
elje,  June  7,  1625)  was  born  in  the  New  Netherlands. 

Rising  on  the  right  hand  of  Fulton  Ferry  may  be  seen  the 
Hights,  a  favorite  X)lace  of  residence  for  the  wealthy.  The  scene 
from  the  rear  windows  of  the  mansions  on  Columbia  Street  is  very 
fine,  commanding  an  outlook  on  the  Bay,  the  islands  and  New 
Jersey  shore,  besides  a  good  view  of  the  great  city  "over  the 
water." 

The  City  Hall,  a  white  marble  structure,  is  situated  at  the  junc- 
ture of  Fulton,  Court,  and  Joralemon  Streets,  and  back  of  it,  on 
the  left,  may  be  seen  the  Court  House.  On  Montague  Street 
(which  leads  to  Wall  Street  Ferry)  are  the  Academy  of  Music,  the 
Art  Association  Building,  and  the  Mercantile  Library.  In  the 
same  vicinity,  on  Washington,  near  Fulton,  are  the  Post-office 
and  the  Brooklyn  Theatre,  and  facing  the  City  Hall  is  the  Park 
Theatre. 

Myrtle  Avenue,  which  may  be  called  the  Bowery  of  Brooklyn, 
leads  off  to  the  left  just  before  the  City  Hall  is  reached.  On  the 
right  of  this  thoroughfare,  between  Raymond  and  Cumberland 
Streets,  and  about  half  a  mile  from  Fulton  Street,  there  rises  a 
hill,  which  is  now  known  as  Washington  Park  or  Square.  In 
1776,  on  its  summit,  a  redoubt  was  thrown  up  by  the  Americans, 
which  was  called  Fort  Putnam.  In  1812  this  fortification  was 
strengthened  and  its  name  changed  to  Fort  Greene.  This  was 
the  last  point  held  by  Washington  previous  to  his  masterly  re- 
treat after  the  Battle  of  Long  Island. 

Brooklyn  possesses  a  Park  which  is,  in  many  respects,  more 
beautiful  than  any  in  the  country.  Certainly  the  hand  of  man  is 
less  evident  in  Prospect  Park  than  in  any  other.  Its  beauty  and 
scenery  is  that  of  Nature  itself,  which  needs  not  human  artifice  to 


*  In  the  Wallabout  Bay,  the  British  prison  ships  were  stationed  during  the  Rev- 
olution. The  first  of  them, 
the  Whitby,  was  moored 
near  what  now  is  the  foot 
of  Navy  Street.  Otliers, 
among  whom  may  be  men- 
tioned thft  Prince  of  Wales, 
the  Old  Jersey  (called  at  the 
time  "the  Hell),"  the  John, 
the  Falmouth,  and  the  Good 
Hope,  were  anchored  near 
by  during  the  progress  of 
the  war.  The  sufioriugs  of 
the  prisoners  in  the  ships 
were  horrible.  They  were 
treated  with  cruelty  and  neglect.  Diseases  broke  out  among  them,  some  went 
mad,  and  some  died  of  starvation.    Thousands  perished. 


PKISON  SHIP  AT  THE  WALLABOUT,  1779. 


84  HISTORY  OF  AXD  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK 


improve  it.  The  grounds  cover  an  area  of  more  than  510  acres. 
The  main  entrance  is  on  Flatbush  Avenue,  and  is  called  the  Plaza. 
From  the  centre  of  the  Plaza  spring  forth  the  sparkling  waters  of 
a  large  fountain,  in  front  of  which  may  be  seen  a  statue  (of  the 
Heroic  size)  of  the  late  Abraham  Lincoln.  Prospect  Park  Lake 
(covering  61  acres)  over  whose  placid  surface  boats  and  miniature 
yachts  skim  during  the  summer  months,  affords  a  fine  skating- 
place  in  the  winter,  and  it  is  well  patronized  at  both  seasons.  The 
most  elevated  point  in  the  Park  is  called  Lookout  Carrl^ge  Con- 
course ;  it  is  nearly  an  acre  in  area,  and  186  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  An  Observatory,  100  feet  in  hight,  has  been  erected 
on  this  spot,  and  the  view  it  commands  of  the  Bay  and  the  sur- 
rounding country  is  unsurpassed.  Several  works  of  art  have  been 
erected  in  the  Park,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  that  of 
Washington  Irving,  and  that  of  John  Howard  Payne,  author 
of  "Home,  Sweet  Home."  The  windings  of  some  of  the  Rambles 
are  very  picturesque,  murmuring  brooks  ripple  here  and  there,  and 
arbors  and  rustic  shelters  are  on  every  side.  It  was  on  the  slope 
of  Prospect-hill  that  General  Sullivan's  jaded  soldiers,  retreat- 
ing before  the  overpowering  numbers  of  the  Hessians,  suddenly 
and  unexpectedly  encountered  the  light  infantry  and  dragoons  of 
General  Clinton  (Battle  of  Long  Island,  August  27,  1776).  The 
Americans  fought  desperately,  hand  to  hand  for  a  time,  between 
the  two  fires,  but  were  finally  forced  to  surrender.  On  the  hills  of 
Greenwood  Cemetery,  most  of  the  fighting  of  that  disastrous  bat- 
tle occurred. 

Greenwood  Cemetery,  now  the  most  beautiful  "City  of  the 
Dead  "  in  the  world,  and  the  oldest  within  a  reasonable  distance  of 
New  York  City,  is  situated  on  Gowanus  Hights,  two  and  a  half 
miles  from  South  Ferry.  It  contains  nearly  500  acres  of  land.  A 
brief  description  of  this  grandest  of  Cemeteries  would  be  unwor- 
thy of  the  subject.  No  visitor  to  the  city  will  omit  to  visit  it,  and 
thereby  appreciate  its  beauties.  It  may  be  reached  by  cars  from 
all  the  Brooklyn  Ferries. 

A  grand  Boulevard,  210  feet  wide,  from  East  New  York,  pass- 
ing through  Prospect  Park  to  the  Ocean,  is  nearly  completed,  and 
is  worthy  of  a  visit,  and  a  drive. 

Brooklyn  is  appropriately  termed  "  The  City  of  Churches."  All 
the  denominations  of  the  country  are  represented  ;  some  of  the 
most  imposing  churches  have  been  erected  here,  and  many  of  the 
most  distinguished  and  sensational  pulpit  orators  in  America  are 
to  be  found  in  this  city. 

We  have  thus  far  accompanied  our  stranger  friend  over 
and  around  the  city,  exhibiting  and  explaining  its  various  points 
of  interest — old  and  new — we  hope  with  as  much  satisfaction  to 
him  as  the  journey  has  been  pleasant  to  us.  Having  accomplished 
our  task,  we  will  now  part  company,  wishing  him  a  continuance 
of  pleasure  in  his  travels  over  the  country,  and  tendering  him  a 
hearty  welcome  to  our  First  Centennial. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION. 


EW  YORK,  in  its  inimense  and  rapid  growth,  now 
covers  the  whole  of  Manhattan  Island,  and  extends  to 
Kingsbridge,  Westchester  County.  The  island  is  a 
long,  narrow  strip  of  land  running  north  and  south, 
^vith  the  North  River  on  the  west,  and  the  East  River 
on  the  east ;  about  fourteen  miles  long,  and  an  average 
of  two  and  a  half  wide.  Broadway,  which  begins  at  the  Battery, 
passes  through  the  centre  of  the  city  until  it  reaches  Union  Square, 
where  it  glances  off  a  little  westerly,  and  then  passes  straight  on 
to  Harlem  River.  The  Fifth  Avenue,  beginning  at  Waverley  Place 
and  Washington  Square,  divides  the  city  ;  and  the  streets  above 
this  point,  crossing  the  avenue,  are  numbered  and  known  as  East 
and  W^est.  The  streets  on  the  upper  part  of  the  island  are  laid 
out,  with  some  respect  to  regularity,  into  squares,  and  twenty-one 
squares  make  a  mile. 


ELEVATED  RAILROAD,  GREE^-V\^CH  STREET.  FROM  THE   BATTERY  TO  FIFTY- 
NINTH  STREET. 


Among  the  important  and  necessary  conveniences  of  New  York 
are  the  City  RAn.HOADS.  They  are  to  be  found  in  all  parts  of  the 
city,  and  running  at  short  intervals  during  the  day  and  part  of  the 
night.  The  cars  on  the  Third  and  Eighth  Avenues,  at  longer  in- 
tervals, run  all  night.  The  fare  on  all  the  routes,  with  the  follow- 
ing exceptions,  is  Five  Cexts.  The  Fourth  Avenue  is  six  cents 
for  any  distaiv^e  to  Forty-fourth  Street  ;  above  Forty-fourth  Street, 
the  fare  is  eight  cents.    On  the  Third  Avenue,  the  fare  is  six 


86 


HISTORY  OF  AND   HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK. 


cents  above  Sixtv-fiftli  Street ;  on  the  Eiglitli  Avenue  tlie  fare  is 
eight  cents  above  Fifty-ninth  Street,  and  ten  cents  above  Seventy- 
second  Street ;  on  the  Second  Avenue,  the  fare  is  six  cents  above 
Sixty-third  Street ;  on  Avenue  C,  six  cents. 

CITY  RAILROAD  ROUTES. 


Avenue  C— From  Fourth  av.  cor.  E.  42d 
to  Lexington  av.,  to  E,  35tli,  to  First 
av.,  to  E.  23d,  to  Av.  A,  to  E.  17th,  to 
Av.  C,  to  Third,  to  First  av.,  to  E. 
audW.  Houston,  to  West,  to  ft.  Cham- 
bers. Returning  through  West,  to 
Charlton,  to  Prince,  to  Stanton,  to 
Pitt,  to  Av.  C,  to  E.  18th,  to  Av.  A, 
to  E.  23d,  to  First  av.,  to  E.  36th,  to 
Lexington  av.,  to  E.  42d  and  Fourth 
av.    Fare  6  cents. 

Bleecker  Street  and  Fulton  Ferry.— (Green 
cars).  From  W.  12th  cor.  Tenth  av. 
to  Hudson,  Bleecker,  Crosby,  How- 
ard, Elm,  Reade,  Centre,  Chatham, 
Park  Row,  Beekman,  South,  Fulton 
Ferry.  Returning  through  Fulton, 
William.  Ann,  Park  Row,  Chatham, 
Centre,  Leonard,  Elm,  Howard,  Cros- 
bv,  Bleecker,  Macdougal.  W.  4th,  W, 
12th,  Hudson,  W.  14th,  Eleventh  av., 
foot  W.  23d.  Also  {yelloiv  cars),  from 
'W.  12th  cor.  Tenth  av.  to  Hudson, 
Bleecker,  Crosby,  Howard,  Elm, 
Canal,  Bowery,  Chatham  sq..  New 
Bowery,  Pearl,  Peck  si..  South,  Ful- 
ton Ferry.  Returning  nearly  the  same 
route.    Fare  5  cents. 

Broadway  and  Seventh  Avenue.  —  From 
Seventh  av.  cor.  W\  59th,  through 
Broadway,  University  pi.,  Wooster, 
W.  Broadway,  Barclay,  Broadway. 
Returning  through  Barclay,  Church, 
Greene,  Clinton  pi..  University  pi., 
Broadway  and  Seventh  av.  Fare  5 
cents. 

Central  Park,  North  and  East  Rivers.— 

Western  Division,  from  South  Ferry, 
through  Whitehall,  Battervpl.,  West, 
Tenth  av.,  W.  59th,  to  Fifth  av.  Re- 
turning by  same  route.  Eastern  Di- 
vision, from  South  Ferry  to  Front, 
Old  si..  South,  Montgomery,  South, 
Jackson,  Monroe,  Grand,  Goerck,  E. 
Houston.  Av.  D.  E.  14th,  Av.  A,  E. 
23d,  First  av.,  E.  59th,  to  Fifth  av. 
Returning  nearly  same  route.  Fare 
5  cents. 

Christopher  and  Tenth  Street.  —  From 
Christopher,  cor.  West,  through 
Christopher  to  Greenwich  av., 
through  Greenwich  av.  to  and  across 
Sixth  av.,  to  Clinton  pi.,  8th,  Av.  A, 


through  Av.  A.,  E.  10th,  through  E 
10th  to  the  ferry.  Returning  through 
E.  10th  to  Av,  A.,  to  E.  9th,  Stuyve- 
sant,  8th,  Clinton  pi.,  Greenwich  av., 
W.  10th,  West,  to  Christopher.  Fare 
5  cents. 

Dry  Dock,  East  Broadway  and  Battery.— 

From  E.  23d  cor.  Av.  A.,  to  E.  10th, 
Av.  D,  8th,  Lewis,  Grand,  E.  Broad- 
way, Chatham,  Park  Row,  Ann.  Re- 
turning same  route  to  Columbia,  Av. 

D.  ,  E.  10th,  Av.  A.,  E.  23d. 

Canal  Street  Branch.  —  From  foot  of 
Grand  to  E.  Broadway,  to  Canal,  to 
Walker,  to  N.  Moore,  to  Washington, 
to  foot  of  Cortlandt.  Returning  to 
Greenwich,  Beach,  Lispenard,  Canal, 
Grand  Street  Ferry. 

Thirty-fourth  Street  Branch. — From 

E.  34th  to  depot,  Av.  B.  Second,  Essex, 
E.  Broadway,  Chatham,  Ann.  Return- 
ing to  Chatham,  E.  Broadway,  Clin- 
ton, Av.  B,  E.  14th,  Av.  A,  E.  23d, 
First  Av.,  34th  Street  Ferry. 

Deshrosses  Street  Ferry  Branch. — 
From  Grand  Street  Ferry,  through 
Grand,  Sullivan,  Vestry,  Greenwich, 
Desbrosses,  to  Ferry.  Returning 
nearly  the  same  route.  Fare  5  cents. 
Eighth  Avenue.  —  From  Vesey,  cor. 
Broadway,  through  Church  to  Cham- 
bers, W.  Broadway,  Canal,  Hudson, 
Eighth  av.,  Macomb's  Dam.  Return- 
ing by  the  same  route.  Fare  5  cents 
to  W.  59th,  10  cents  to  Macomb's 
Dam. 

Elevated  Railroad.— From  No.  7  Broad- 
way, through  Greenwich  st.  and  Ninth 
av.  to  59th  St.  Returning  same  route. 
Stations. — Corner  of  Liberty.  War- 
ren. Franklin,  Canal,  Houston,  W. 
11th,  12th,  21st,  30th.  34th,  42d,  50th, 
59th  streets.    Fare  10  cents. 

Forty-Second  and  Grand  Street  Ferry.— 

From  foot  W.  42d,  to  10th  av.,  W.  34th, 
Broadway,  E.  23d,  Fourth  av..  E.  14th. 
Av.  A,  E.  Houston,  Cannon,  Grand,  to 
Ferry.  Returning  through  Grand  to 
Goerck,  E.  Houston,  Second.  Av.  A, 
E.  14th,  Fourth  av.,  E.  23d,  Broad- 
way, W.  34th,  Tenth  av..  to  foot  W. 
42(i.    Fare  5  cents. 


GENERAL  INFOEMATIOX. 


s: 


Harlem  (City  Line).— From  Park  Row  to 
Centre,  Graud,  Bowery,  Fourth  av., 
E.  42(1,  Madison  av..  E.  Siith.  Also, 
from  E.  32d  to  Lexington  av.,  E.  34tli, 
to  Hunter's  Point  Ferry.  Returning 
same  route  through  Broome  to  Cen- 
tre, to  Park  Row.  Fare  6  cents  to  E. 
42d,  8  cents  above. 

Harlem  Bridge,  Morrisania  and  Fordham.— 
From  Harlem  Bridge  up  Third  av.  to 
Fordham  ;  also,  from  Harlem  Bridge 
up  Third  av.  to  Boston  av.,  up  Boston 
av.  to  West  Farms.  Fare  6  cents  to 
Morrisania,  8  cents  to  Tremout,  10 
cents  to  Fordham,  10  cents  to  "West 
Farms. 

New  Central  Cross  Town.— From  foot  E. 
23d  to  Av.  A,  E.  18th,  Broadway,  to 
E.  14th,  E.  and  W.  14th  to  Seventh 
av.,  to  W.  11th,  to  West,  to  Christo- 
pher Street  Ferrj'.  Returning  nearly 
same  route.    Fare  5  cents. 

Ninth  Avenue.— From  Fulton,  cor.  Broad- 
way to  Greenwich,  Ninth  av.,  W. 
54th.  Returning  through  Ninth  av.. 
Washington,  Fulton,  to  Broadway. 
Fare  5  cents. 

One  Hundred  and  Twenty-fifth  Street.— 
From  Third  av.  cor.  E.  130th,  through 
Third  av.,  E.  125th,  W.  125th,  to  N.  R. 
Returning  the  same  route.  Fare  5 
cents. 

Second  Avenie.— From  Peck  si.  through 
South,  Oliver,  Chatham,  Bowery, 
Grand,  Forsyth,  Second  av.,  to  Har- 
lem. Returning  through  Second  av. 
to  E.  23d,  First  av.,  AUen,  Graud, 
Bowery,  Chatham,  Pearl,  to  Peck  si. 
Also,  from  foot  E.  92d  to  Av.  A,  E. 
86th,  Second  av.,  Stuyvesant,  Astor 
pi.,  to  Broadway.  Returning  same 
route.  Fare  5  cents  to  E.  63d;  6  cents 
above.  Also,  branch  from  Chatham 
to  Worth,  to  Broadway. 

Seventh  Avenue.— From  Seventh  av.  cor. 
W.  59th,  to  Greenwich  av..  Clinton 
pi.,  Macdougal.  W.  4th,  Thompson. 
Canal,  W.  Broadway,  Park  pi.,  to 
Broadway.  Returning  through  Park 
pi..  Church,  Canal,  Sullivan,  W.  4th, 
Macdougal,  Clinton  pL,  Greenwich 
av.,  Seventh  av.,  to  W.  59th.  Fare  5 
cents. 

Sixth  Avenue. — From  Yesey,  cor.  Broad- 
way, through  Church  to  Chambers, 
W."  Broadway,  Canal,  Tarick,  Cifr- 
mine,  Sixth  av.,  to  W.  59th.  Return- 
ing by  the  same  route.    Fare  5  cents. 

South  Ferry  via  New  Church  to  Vesey.— 

Returning  by  the  same  route.  Fare 
5  cents. 


Third  Avenue.— From  Ann  through  Park 
Row,  to  Chatham,  Bowery,  Third  av., 
to  Harlem  Bridge.  Returning  by  the 
same  route.  Fare  5  cents  to  E.  65th; 
6  cents  to  E.  ISOth. 

Forty-Second  Street  Route.— From  Ann  to 
Chatham,  Bowery,  Third  av.,  to  35th, 
to  Lexington  av.,  to  42d  Street  Depot. 
Returning  by  the  same  route.  Fare  5 
cents. 

Twenty-third  Street.— From  foot  of  and 
through  W.  23d  to  E.  23d,  E.  R.  Re- 
turning same  route.  Also  from  foot 
of  and  through  W.  23d  to  E.  23d,  to 
Second  av.,  to  E.  28th,  to  First  av., 
to  E.  34th  Street  Ferry.  Returning 
through  First  av.  to  E.  29th,  to  Second 
av.,  to  E.  23d,  to  and  through  to  foot 
W.  23d.    Fare  5  cents. 


CITY  STAGE  ROUTES. 

Fifth  Avenue  and  Fulton  Ferry.— Route 
from  cor.  43d  st.  and  Fifth  av.,  do-wn 
Fifth  av.  to  12th,  to  University  pi,, 
to  11th,  to  Broadway,  to  Fulton  st., 
and  to  Fulton  Ferry.  Fare  10  cents. 
Last  stage  leaves  43d  st.  at  11  p.  m. 
Last  stage  leaves  Fulton  Ferry  at  12 
midnight. 

Madison  Avenue  and  Wall  Street  Ferry.— 

Route  from  40th  st.  and  Madison  av., 
to  Broadway,  to  Wall  st.,  and  to  the 
Ferry.  Last  stage  leaves  40th  st.,  at 
10  15  p.  m.  Last  stage  leaves  Wall 
Street  Ferry  at  11  30  p.  m. 

Broadway,  Twenty-third  Street  and  Ninth 
Avenue.— Route  Irom  30th  st..  Ninth 
av.,  to  23d  St.,  down  Broadway,  to 
South  Ferry.  Last  stage  leaves  29th 
St.  at  10  20  p.  m.  Last  stage  leaves 
South  Ferry  at  11  30  p.  m. 


PRINCIPAL.  CHURCHES. 

BAPTIST. 

Amity  Street,  W.  54th,  near  Eighth  av  ; 

Wm.  R.  Williams,  Minister. 
Calvary,  50  W.  23d  ;  Robert  S.  Mac- 

arthur,  Minister. 
Central  Park,  E.  83d.  near  Second  av.;  C. 

C.  Norton,  Minister. 
East.Madison,  cor.  Gouverueur;  Edward 

Love,  Minister. 
Fifth  Avenue,  6  W.  46th  ;  Thomas  Armi- 

tage,  Minister. 
First,  Park  av.  cor.  E.  39th  ;  Thos.  D. 

Anderson,  Minister. 


88  HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEAV  YORK. 


First  Mariners',  Oliver,  cor.  Heury;  J. 

L.  Hodge,  Minister. 
Madison  Avenue,  cor.  E.  Slst  ;   J.  F. 

Elder,  Minister. 
North,  126  Christopher;  J.  J.  Brouner, 

Minister. 

Pilgrim,  327  W.  33d;  J.  S.  Kenuard, 
Minister. 

Second  German,  -151  W.  45th;  Henry 

Bchueuler,  Minister. 
Sixteenth  Street,  257  W.  16th;  David  B. 

Juttou,  Minister. 
South,  235  W.  25th  :  A.  C.  Osborn,  Miu. 
Stanton  Street,  36  Stanton;  W,  S.  Mikels, 

Minister. 

Tabernacle,  166  Second  av.;  J.  B.  Haw- 
thorne, Minister. 

Trinity,  E.  55th,  near  Lexington  av;  J. 
S.  Holme,  Minister. 

West,  53d,  near  Seventh  av  ;  W.  H.  Pen- 
dleton, Minister, 

Zion,  7  Seventh  av. ;  John  Corey,  Min. 

CONGREGATIONAL. 

Church  of  the  Disciples,  Madison  av.  cor. 
E.  4:5th;  Geo.  H.  Hepworth,  Minister. 

Harlem,  E.  125th,  near  Second  av. ;  Sam- 
uel H.  Virgin,  Minister. 

Tabernacle,  Sixth  av.  cor.  W.  34th;  W. 
M.  Taylor,  Minister. 

Welsh,  206  E.  11th. 

FRIENDS. 

East  Fifteenth,  cor.  Rutherford  pi. 
Twentieth  Street,  E.  20th,  near  Third  av. 
Twenty-Seventh  Street,  43  W.  27th. 

JEWISH  SYNAGOGUES. 

Adareth  El.,  135  E.  39th;  Morris  Leon, 

President. 
Ahavath  Chesed,  Lexington  av.  cor.  E. 

55th;    M.    Kohner,  President;  D. 

Huebsch,  Rabbi. 
Beth  Abraham,  22  E.  Broadway;  S.  Gold- 
stein, President. 
Beth  Cholim,  Lexington  av.  cor.  E.  66th; 

E.  B.  Hart,  President. 
Beth  Hamedrash   Hagodol,  69  Ludlow; 

Isaac  Rosenthal,  President. 
Beth-El,  Lexington  av.  cor.  E.  63d ;  J. 

M.   Stine,   President;    D.  Einhorn, 

Rabbi, 

Bnai  Israel,  41  Stanton;  Meyer  Rosen- 
thal, President. 

Bnai  Jeshurun,  145  W.  34th ;  Moses  Stras- 
berger,  President. 


Bnai  Sholom,  638  Fifth ;  Jacob  Steam, 

President. 
Darech  Amuno,   University  bldg. ;  .\. 

Oettinger,  President. 
Rodeph  Scholem,  8  Clinton;  J.  B.  Guttou- 

burgh.  President. 
Shaarai  Berocho,  306  Sixth;  I.  Netter, 

President. 
Shaarai  Rach  Mim,  146  Norfolk;  Marx 

Fleishauer,  President. 
Shaarai  Tephila,  127  W.  14th;  B.  L.  Solo- 
mon, President;  S.  M.  Isaacs,  Miu. 
Shaarai  Zedeck,  38  Henry;  Moses  Mais- 

ner,  Rabbi. 
Shearith  Israel,  2d,  W.  19th  near  Fifth 

av. ;  J.  S.  Abecasis,  President  ;  J.  J. 

Lyons,  Rabbi. 
Temple  Emanu-El,  Fifth  av.  cor.  E.  43d; 

L.  May,  President;    Samuel  Adler, 

Gustave  Gottheil,  Rabbis  ;  A.  Rubin, 

Reader. 

LUTHERAN. 

Bethlehems,  492 Grand;  C.  Kuehn,  Min. 
Church  of  Christ,  646  Sixth;  George  U. 

Wenner,  Minister. 
Gustavus  Adolphus,  151 E.  22d;  J.  G.  Prin- 

cell,  Minister. 
Holy  Trinity,  47  W.  21st;  G.  F.  Krotel, 

Minister. 

Norwegian,  56  Monroe;  O.  Juul,  Min. 
St.  James',  216  E.  15th;  A.  C.  Wedekind, 
Minister. 

St.  John's,  81  Christopher  ;  A.  H.  M. 

Held,  Minister. 
St.  Luke's,  318  W.  43d;  WilUam  Busse 

Minister. 

St.  Mark's,  323  Sixth;  H.  Raegener,  Min. 
St.  Matthew's,  354  Broome;  J.  Ruperti, 
Minister. 

St.  Paul's,  226  Sixth  av. ;  F.  W.  Geissen- 
j     hainer,  Minister. 
1  St.  Paul's,  W.  123d  near  Seventh  av. ; 
I     Julius  Ehvhart,  Minister. 
St.  Peter's,  Lexington  av.  cor.  E.  4Gth; 

E.  F.  Moldehuke,  Minister. 
Trinity,  Avenue  B,  cor.  E.  9th;  Freder- 
ick Koenig,  Minister. 
Zion,  E.  23d,  cor.  Fourth  av. ;  S.  Keyl, 
Minister. 


METHODIST  EPISCOPAL. 

Alanson,  52  Norfolk;  Parsonage,  279  E. 

Broadway. 
Allen  Street,  126  Allen;  Parsonage,  128 

Allen. 


GENERAL  INFOKMATIOX. 


89 


Bedford  Street,  28  Morton;  Parsonage,  37 

Mortou. 

Beekman  Hill,  321  E.  50th ;  Parsonage 
323  E.  50th. 

Bethel  Ship,  foot  of  Carlisle. 

Central,  58  Seventh  av. ;  Parsonage,  GO 
Seventh  av. 

Chapel,  Broadway,  cor.  W.  68th. 

Eighteenth  Street,  307  W.  18th;  Parson- 
age, 305  W.  ISth. 

First  German,  252  Second;  Parsonage, 
25G  Second. 

Forsyth  Street,  10  Forsyth;  Parsonage, 
12  Forsyth. 

Forty-fourth  Street,  461  W.  44th ;  Parson- 
age, 463  W.  44th. 

Forty-third  Street,  253  W.  43d;  Parson- 
age, 249  W.  43d. 

Franklin  Chapel,  186  Franklin;  Parson- 
age, 184  Franklin. 

German,  346  W.  40th;  Parsonage,  350  W. 
40th. 

Hedding,  337  E.  17th;  Parsonage,  335  E. 
17th. 

Jane  Street,  13  Jane;  Parsonage,  11  Jane. 
John  Street,  44  John;   Parsonage,  257 
Henry. 

Ladies'  Five  Points  Home  Mission,  61  Park. 
Lexington  Avenue,  cor.  E.  52d;  Parson- 
age. 142  E.  53d. 

Perry  Street,  122  Perry;  Parsonage,  128 
Perry. 

Rose  Hill,  221  E.  27th;  Parsonage,  219  E. 
27th. 

St.  John's,  231  W.  53d;  Parsonage,  228 
W.  53d. 

St.  Luke's,  W.  41st,  near  Sixth  av. ;  Par- 
sonage, 143  W.  44th. 

St.  Paul's,  Fourth  av.  cor.  E.  22d;  Par- 
sonage, 289  Fourth  av. 

Second  Street,  276 2d;  Parsonage,  280  2d. 
Seventh  Street,  24  7th;  Parsonage,  134 
Second  av. 

Sixty-first  Street  Chapel.  E.  61st.  near 
Third  av. ;  Parsonage,  .343  E.  62d. 

Thirtieth  Street,  331  W.  30th;  Parsonage, 
327  W.  30th. 

Thirty-Seventh  Street,  223  E.  37th;  Par- 
sonage, next  church. 

Trinity,  248  W.  34th :  Parsonage,  263  W. 
34th  street. 

Twenty-fourth  Street,  359  W.  24  th;  Par- 
sonage, next  church. 

Washington  Square,  137  "W.  4th ;  Parson- 
age. 80  :\racdougal  street. 


Willett  Street,  7  Willett;   Parsonage,  5 

Willett  street. 
Yorkville,  115  E.  86th;  Parsonage,  next 
church. 

AFRICAN  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL. 

African  Union,  161  W.  15th  street. 
Bethel,  214  Sullivan  street. 
Emanuel,  87  Attorney;    Parsonage,  91 

Attorney  street. 
First  African  Union,  136  W.  30th  street. 
St.  Mark's,  65  W.  35th;  Parsonage,  318 

W.  26th  street. 
Union,  Second  av.  near  E.  84th  street. 
Zion,  351  Bleecker;  Parsonage,  66  Grove. 

PRESBYTEKIAN. 

Alexander  Chapel,  7  King;  H.  A.  Daven- 
port, Minister. 
Allen  Street,  61  Allen;  George  O.  Phelps, 
Minister. 

Brick,  Fifth  av.,  cor.  W.  37th;  J.  O. 

Murray,  Minister. 
Central,  W.  56th  near  Broadway;  J.  D. 

Wilson,  Minister. 
Church  of  the  Covenant,  Park  av.  cor.  E. 

35th;  INIarvin  K.  Vincent.  Minister. 
Church  of  the  Sea  and  Land,  Market,  cor. 

Henry;  Edward  Hopper.  Minister. 
Fifth  Avenue,  cor.  55th  and  Fifth  av. ; 

John  Hall.  Minister. 
First,  Fifth  av.  cor.  W.  11th;  W.  M. 

Paxton,  Minister. 
First  Union.  147  E.  86th;  Edward  P.  Pay- 
son,  Minister. 

Forty-Second  Street,  233  W.  42d ;  W.  W. 

Newell,  jr.,  Minister. 
Fourth  Avenue,  288  Fourth  av. ;  Howard 

Crosby.  Minister. 
Fourteenth  Street,  cor.  Second  av. ;  Rob- 
ert Slosji.  Minister. 
Fourth,  124  W.  34th;  John  Thompson, 
Minister. 

'  French  Evangelical,  9  University  pi. ;  H. 
L.  Grandlieuard,  Minister. 
German,  290  Madison  ;  B.  Krusi,  Min. 
j  Madison  Square,  Madison  av.  cor.  24th; 
Mission,  445  Third  av. ;  C.  H.  Payson, 
Minister. 

I  German  Mission,  206  E.  31st:  M.  A.  Erd- 
I     mann,  Minister. 

Memorial,  Madison  av.  cnr.  E.  53d:  C. 
I     S.  Eobinson.  Minister. 
Murray  Hill,  135  E.  40th;  George  S. 
Chambers.  Minister, 
i  New  York,  169  W.  11th;  W.  W.  Page, 
I  Minister. 


90  HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK. 


North,  Ninth  av.  cor.  W,  31st;  S.  B. 
Kossiter,  Minister. 

Phillips,  Madison  av.  cor.  E.  73d;  Sam- 
uel L).  Alexander,  Minister. 

Rutgers,  Madison  av.  cor.  E.  29th;  N. 
W.  Conkliug,  Minister. 

Scotch,  53  W.  14th;  S.  M.  Hamilton, 
Minister. 

Seventh,  Broome,  cor.  Ridge;  G.  B.Bell, 
Minister. 

Shiloh  (colored),  140  Sixth  av.;  Henry 

Highland  Garuett,  Minister. 
Spring  Street,  246  Spring;  George  M. 

McCampbell,  Minister. 
Thirteenth  Street,  145  W.  13th;  S.  D. 

Burchard,  Minister. 
Twenty-third  Street,  210  W.  23d;  Erskine 

N.  White,  Minister. 

University  Place,  cor.  E.  10th ;  R.  R. 
Booth,  Minister. 

Missions,  Emanuel   Chapel,   7;J5  Sixth; 

Erastus  Seymour.  Minister. 
West,  31  W.  42d;  Thomas  S.  Hastings, 

Minister. 

Westminster,  151  W.  22d;  George  D. 
Mathews,  Minister. 

REFOKMED  PRESBYTEEIAN. 

First,  123  W.  12th ;  William  Wylie,  Mins. 
First,  426  W.  28th;  J.  C.  K.  Milligan, 
Minister. 

Fourth,  .305  W.  4Sth;  James  Kennedy, 
Minister. 

Second.  W.  39th,  near  Seventh  av. ;  An- 
drew Stevenson,  Minister. 
Third,  238  W.  23d;  David  Gregg,  Mins. 

UNITED  PRESBTTEELVN. 

Eleventh  Street,  206  E.  11th  street. 
First,  233  E.  116th;  J.  S.  McCulloch, 
Minister. 

Third,  41  Charles;  Hugh  H.  Blair,  Mins. 
West  Twenty-fifth  Street.  161  W.  25th; 

John  Kirkpatrick,  Minister. 
West  Forty-fourth  Street,  434  W.  44th;  G. 

Campbell,  Minister. 

PROTESTANT  EPISCOP.VL, 

Right  Rev.  Horatio  Potter,  Bishop,  house 

38  E.  22d  Street. 
All  Saints,  286  Henry;  Wm.  N.  Dnnnell, 

Rector. 

Annunciation.  142  W.  14th;  William  J. 

Seabury,  Rector. 
Ascension,  Filth  av.  cor.  W.  10th;  John 

Cotton  Smith,  Rector. 


Atonement,  Madison  av.  cor.  E.  28th;  C. 

(,'.  Tillany,  Rector. 
Calvary.  Fourth  av,  cor.  E.  21st;  E.  A. 

Wairhburn,  Rector. 

Chapel  of  St.  Augustine,  262  Bowery; 

Arthur  C.  Kiniber,  Cleri^yman. 
Chapel  of  the  Shepherd's  Flock,  330  W.  43d ; 

J.  F.  Steen,  Minister. 
Christ,  Fifth   av.  cor.  E.  35th;  H.  M. 

Thompson,  Rector. 
Church  of  the  Holy  Saviour,  E.  25th,  near 

Madison  av. ;  A.  B.  Carter,  Rector. 
Church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre.  E.  74th,  near 

Fourth  av. ;  J.  Tuttle  Smith,  Rector. 
Church  of  Santiago,  30  W.  22d;  Joaquin 

de  Palnia,  Rector. 
Church  of  the  Resurrection,  E.  85th,  near 

Third  av. ;  Edward  O.  Flagg,  Rector. 
Du  St.  Esprit,  30  W.  22d;  Leon  Pons, 

Rector. 

EgUse  rrotestante  Francaise,  Fourth  av. 

cor.  E.  21st;  E.  Boral,  Minister. 
Grace,  800  Broadway ;  Henry  C.  Potter, 

Rector. 

Grrace  Chapel,  E.  23d,  near  Third  av. ;  J. 
W.  Kramer,  Minister. 

Heavenly  Rest,  551  Fifth  av.;  R.  S.  How- 
land,  Rector. 

Holy  Communion,  Sixth  av.  cor.  W.  20th; 
F.  E.  Lawrence,  Rector. 

Holy  Trinity,  Madison  av.  cor.  E.  42d; 
S.  H.  Tyug,  jr..  Rector. 

Incarnation,  Madison  av.  cor.  E.  35th; 
J.  Pierce,  Rector. 

Memorial  Church  of  the  Rev.  H.  Anthon.  139 

W.  48th;  R.  Heber  Newton,  Rector. 
Moravian  Mission.  636  Sixth ;  Theodore 

Sondermaun,  Minister. 
Nativity,  80  Av.  C;  Caleb  Clapp,  Rector. 
Our  Lord.  352  W.  35th;  N.  E.  Cornwall, 

Rector. 

Our  Saviour,  foot  Pike;  R.  J.  Walker, 
Minister. 

Reconciliation.  242  E.  31st;  E.  S.  Widde- 

mer,  Rector. 
Redemption,  52  E.  23d ;  U.  Scott,  Rector. 
Reformation,  228  E.  50th;  U.Tracy,  Rect. 

St.  Alban's.  E.  47th,  near  Lexington  av; 
C.  W.  Morrill,  Rector. 

St.  Ambrose,  117  Thompson. 

St.  Ann's,  7  W.  18th  ;  Thomas  Gallau- 
det,  Rector. 

St.  Barnabas'  Chapel,  306 Mulberry:  Ste- 
phen Holmes,  Minister. 

St.  Bartholomew's,  348  Madison  av.;  S. 
Cooke,  Rector. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION. 


91 


St.  Chrysostom's  Chapel,  W.  39tli,  cor. 

Seventh  av. ;  Thomas  H.  Sill,  G.  C. 

Houghtou,  Glergymeu  in  charge. 
St.  Clement's,  108  Amity;  T.  A.  Eaton, 

Rector. 

St.  George's,  Rutherford  pi.,  cor.  E.  16th; 

Stephen  H.  Tyug,  Rector. 
Mission  Chapel,  408  E.  19th ;  Morris  Tyng, 

Minister. 

St.  George's  German  Chapel,  420  E.  Uth; 

I.  C.  FJeischacker,  Minister. 
St.  John  Baptist,  261  Lexington  av. ;  C, 

li.  Dutlle,  Rector. 
St.  John  Evangelist,  222  W.  11th  ;  W.  T. 

Egbert,  Rector. 
St.  John's.  46  Varick;   S.  H.  Weston, 

William  H.  Cook,  and  A.  Wiswall,  St. 

John's  Chapel,  Ministers. 
St.  Luke's,  483  Hudson;  Isaac  H.  Tuttle, 

Rector,  Arthur  Warner,  Assistant, 
.^t.  Mark's,  Stuyvesant  near  Second  av. ; 

J.  H.  Rylance,  Rector. 
St.  Mary  the  Virgin,  228  W.  45th ;  T.  Mc- 

Kee  Brown,  Rector. 
St.  Paul's,  Broadway,  cor.  Vesey  ;  B.  I. 

Haight,  Minister. 
St.  Peter's,  342  W.  20th;  Alfred  B.  Beach, 

Rector. 

St.  Stephen's,  55  W.  46th;  J.  H.Price, 
Rector. 

St.  Thomas',  Fifth  av.  cor.  W.  53d;  W. 

F.  Morgan,  Rector. 

St.  Timothy's,  W.  57th,  near  Eighth  av. ; 

G.  J.  Geer,  Rector. 
Transfiguration,  E.  29th,  near  Fifth  av. ; 

G.  H.  Houghton,  Rector. 
Trinity,  Broadway,  cor.  Rector;  and  St. 
Paul's.  St.  John's,  and  Trinity  Chap- 
els; Morgan  Dix,  Rector,  F.  Ogilby 
and  H.  B.  Hitchiugs,  Assistant  Minis- 
ters. 

Trinity  Chapel,  15  W.  25th  ;  C.  E.  Swope, 
Minister. 

Zion.  Madison  av.  cor.  E.  38th;  J.  N. 
Galleher,  Rector. 

REFORMED  PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL. 

First,  Madison  av.  cor.  E.  47th;  W.  T. 
Sabine,  Rector. 

REFORMED  DUTCH. 

Collegiate.  Lafayette  pi.  cor.  E.  4th;  T. 

W.  Chambers,  Minister. 
Fifth  Avenue,  cor.  W.  29th  ;  William  Or- 

miston,  Minister. 
Fifth  Avenue,  cor.  W.  48th ;  T.  E.  Ver- 

milye  and  James  M.  Ludlow,  Min. 


Fourth  German  Mission,  244  W.  40th  ;  J. 

H.  Oerter,  Minister. 
Holland,  Fifth  av.  cor,  W.  29th  ;  A.  H. 

M.  Bechtold,  Minister. 
Madison  Avenue,  cor.  E.  57th;   H.  D. 

Ganse,  Minister. 
South,  Fifth  av.  cor.  W.  21st;    E.  P. 

Rogers,  Minister. 

Thirty-fourth  Street,  307  W.  34th ;  Isaac 
Riley,  Minister. 

Union,  25  Sixth  av.;  W.  B.  Merritt,  Min. 

Washington  Square,  Washington  sq.  E., 
cor.  Washington  pL;  Mancius  S.  Hut- 
ton,  Minister. 

ROMAN  CATHOLIC. 

His  Eminence  Cardinal  Archbishop  McClos- 
key,  house  218  Madison  av. 

Assumption,  427  W.  49th;  Benedict 
Stroehle,  Pastor. 

Epiphany,  373  Second  av.;  R.  L.  Burt- 
sell.  Pastor. 

Holy  Cross.  335  W.  42d;  Patrick  Mc- 
Carthy, Pastor. 

Holy  Innocents,  126  W.  37th ;  John  Larkin, 
Pastor. 

Immaculate  Conception,  505  E.  14th ;  John 

Edwards,  Pastor. 
Nativity,  40  Second  av. ;  Wm.  Everett, 

Pastor. 

St.  Alphonsus,  S.  Fifth  av.  near  Canal; 

Eugene  Grimm,  Pastor. 
St.  Andrew's,  Duane  cor.  City  Hall  pi. ; 

Michael  Curran,  Pastor. 
St.  Ann's,  112  E.  12th;  T.  S.  Preston, 

Pastor.  . 

St.  Anthony,  149  Sullivan;  James  Titta, 
Pastor. 

St.  Bernard's,  W.  13th,  near  Tenth  av.; 
Gabriel  A.  Healy,  Pastor. 

St.  Bridget's,  Av.  B,  cor.  Eighth;  Thomas 
J.  Mooney,  Pastor. 

St.  Columba's,  339  W.  25th;  M.  McAleer, 
Pastor. 

St.  Francis,  139  W.  31st;  Eugene  Diko- 
vich. 

St.  Francis  Xavier,  36  W.  16th;  D.  Mer- 
rick, Pastor. 

St.  Gabriel's,  312  E.  37th;  W.  H.  Clowry, 
Pastor. 

St.  James,  32  James  ;  F.  H.  Farrelly, 
Pastor. 

St.  Joseph's,  Sixth  av.  cor.  W.  Washing- 
ton pi. ;  Thomas  Farrell,  Pastor. 

St.  Mary's,  438  Grand;  Edward  J. 
O'Riley,  Pastor. 


IITSTORY   OF  AXD   HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK. 


St.  Michael's.  407  W.  31st;  Arthur  J. 
Douuelly,  Pastor. 

St.  Patrick's  Cathedral.  Mott,  cor.  Prince; 
His  Eiiiiiieuce  the  Cardinal  Arch- 
bishop McCloskey,  Very  Rev.  Vim. 
Quinu,  Vicar  General,  J.  Kearney,  M. 
Horgan.  John  Kean  and  John  B. 
Salter,  Pastors. 

St.  Paul's,  W.  59th,  near  Ninth  av.;  I. 
T.  Hecker.  Pastor. 

St.  Peter's.  Barchiy,  cor.  Church;  M.  J. 
OTarrell,  Pastor. 

St.  Stephen's,  149  E.  28th;  E.  McGlynn, 
Pastor. 

St.  Teresa,  Rutgers,  cor.  Henry ;  James 

Boyce,  Pastor. 
St.  Vincent  Ferrer,  Lexington  av.  cor.  E. 

66th  ;  M.  D.  Lilly,  Pastor. 
St.  Vincent  de  Paul,  127  W.  23d;  Edmond 

Aubril,  Pastor. 
Transfiguration.  Mott,  cor.  Park;  J.  H. 

McGean,  Pastor. 

UNITARIAN. 

All  Souls,  Fourth  av.  cor.  E.  20th;  H. 

W.  Bellows,  Minister. 
Messiah,  E.  34th,  cor.  Parkav.;  William 

R.  Alger,  Minister. 
Third,  W.  23d,  cor.  Sixth  av.  (Masonic 

Temple),  O.  B.  Frothingham,  Min. 
Unity  Chapel,  72  E.  128th;  W.  T.  Clark, 

Minister. 

UNTVERSALIST. 

Fifth,  Stnyvesant,  cor.  E.  9th ;  I.  M.  At- 

wood.  Minister. 
Fourth,  Fifth  av.  cor.  W.  45th;  E.  H. 

Chapin.  Minister. 
Second,  E.  l'2Tth.  near  Fourth  av. ;  C. 

Fluhrer.  Minister. 
Sixth,  W.  57th,  near  Eighth  av. ;  James 

M.  Pullman,  Minister. 
Third,  214  Bleecker;   E.  C.  Sweetser, 

Minister. 

jnSCELLANEOrS. 

Camp  Chapel,  116  Elizabeth;  A.  E.  Aus- 
tin, Supt. 

Catholic  Apostolic,  128  W.  16th;   D.  M. 

Fackler,  Angel  in  charge. 
Chinese  Temple.  12  Baxter;  Tien  Show, 

Priest. 

Christian  Israelites,  r.  108  First;  Fred. 

Thomas,  Minister. 
Church  of  the  Disciples  of  Christ,  26  W. 

2Sth;  D.  11.  Vanbuskirk.  Minister. 
Church  of  the  Strangers,  Mercer,  near 

Waverlev  pi.;  Charles  F.  Deems,  Min. 


I  Dewitt  Chapel,  135  Greenwich;  George 
I     Hatt,  Minister. 

'  Evangelical,  r.  138  W.  24th;  M.  Guhl, 
!  Minister. 

German  Evangelical  Reformed,  97  Suffolk; 

J.  F.  Bnsclie,  Minister. 
Greek  Chapel.  Nicholas  Bjerring.  Priest. 
Lebanon  Chapel,  70  Columbia;   J.  H. 
Bradley,  Minister. 
!  Mariners',  Madison,  cor.  Catharine;  E.  D. 
Murphy,  Minister. 
Olivet  Chapel,  63  Second;  A.  F.  Schauff- 
ler  and  F.  F.  Hagen,  Ministers. 
<  Pisgah  Chapel,  185  Spring;  William  B. 
i     Jones,  Minister. 

■  Seventh  Day  Baptist.  Second  av.  cor.  E. 
11th  street. 
Swedenborgian  First  New  Church  Society, 
I     114  E.  35th ;  Chauncey  Giles,  Minister. 
!  True  Dutch  Reformed.  Perry,  cor.  W.  4th; 
Abram  Vanhouten,  Minister. 
United  Brethren  (Moravian),  Lexington 

av.  cor.  E.  30th, 
Welsh  Methodist  Calvanistic,  225  E.  13th. 
\  Wilson  Mission,  125  St.  Mark's  pi. 


TELEGRAPH  COMPANIES. 

I  Am.  District  Telegraph  Co.,  62  Broadway. 
Atlantic  and  Pacific,  198  Broadway  and 
11  Broad. 

Automatic  Signal  (Fire),  208  Broadway. 

Central,  30  Cortlandt. 

Erie  Railway,  187  West  and  193  Broad- 
way, to  all  places  on  the  line  of  the 
road  and  its  branches. 

Gold  and  Stock,  61  Broadway. 
I  International  Ocean,  193  Broadway. 

Manhattan,  122  Front. 

Merchants'  Exchange,  Maritime  and 
Sandy  Hook,  60  Beaver. 

Southern  and  Atlantic  Telegraph  Co.,  51 
New. 

Western  Union,  193  Broadway. 


ART  GALLERIES. 

Academy  of  Design,  cor.  Fourth  av.  and 

23d  street. 
Goupil's,  cor.  22d  street  and  Fifth  av. 

Free. 

Snedeckor's,  Broadway,  near  10th  street. 
Free. 

Schaus',  749  Broadway.  Free. 
Somerville's,  cor.  14th  street  and  Filth 
av.  Free. 


RAILHOAD  DEPOTS. 

Baltimore  and  Ohio. — For  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Washington  ; 

the  West,  Southwest  and  Northwest.    Cortlandt  and  Desbrosses 

Streets  Ferries  to  Jersey  City. 
Brooklyn,  Bath,  and  Coney  Island. — Horse  cars  from  Fulton  and 

South  Ferries  to  Greenwood,  thence  by  Steam  cars  to  Bath, 

Unionville  and  Coney  Island. 
Central  of  New  J ersey. — Bergen  Point,  Elizabeth,  Easton,  Allen- 
town,  Wilkesbarre,  and  the  West.    Ferry  foot  Liberty  Street. 

New  York  and  PhiladelpJiia. — New  Line.  Foot  Liberty  Street. 

New  York  and  Long  Branch  Dins.    Foot  Liberty  Street. 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western. — For  Scranton,  Bingham- 

ton,  and  Oswego.    Foot  of  Barclay  and  Christopher  Streets  to 

Hoboken. 

Erie  Railway. — For  Paterson,  Binghamton,  Elmira,  Corning, 
Rochester,  Hornellsville,  Dunkirk,  Buffalo,  Niagara  Falls  ;  to 
the  West,  Northwest,  and  Southwest.  Chambers  and  Twenty- 
third  Streets  Ferries  to  Pavonia  Avenue,  Jersey  City. 

Hudson  River — to  Yonkers,  Peekskill,  West  Point,  Newburgh, 
Poughkeepsie,  Hudson,  to  Albany — from  Grand  Central  Depot, 
Forty-second  Street. 

Hudson  River. — Local  Trains  to  Sing  Sing  and  intermediate  sta- 
tions, from  Depot,  West  Thirtieth  Street,  corner  Tenth  Avenue. 

Long  Island — to  Jamaica,  Mineola,  Syosset,  Port  Jefferson,  and 
Greenport — from  James  Slip  to  Hunter's  Point. 


94 


HISTORY  OF  AND  HOAV  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK. 


Long  Island,  Flushing,  and  North  Side — to  Flushing,  Hempstead, 
and  Babylon,  by  boat  to  Fire  Island — from  James  Slip  to  Hun- 
ter's Point. 

Morris  and  Essex — to  Newark,  Dover,  Washington,  and  Easton 
— foot  of  Barclay  and  Christopher  Streets  to  Hoboken. 

New  Haven  and  Hartford — to  New  Roclielle,  Stamford,  Norwalk, 
Bridgeport,  New  Haven,  and  Hartford — from  Forty-second  Street 
Depot. 

New  Jersey  and  New  York — to  Hackensack,  Spring  Valley,  and 
Haverstraw — from  Chambers  and  Twenty-third  Streets  Ferries 
to  Pavonia  Avenue,  Jersey  City. 

New  Jersey  Southern,  by  steamer  to  Sandy  Hook,  cars  to  Long 
Branch,  foot  of  Rector  Street  (Pier  No.  8). 

New  Jersey  Midland,  to  Hackensack,  Paterson,  Bloomingdale, 
Franklin,  and  Middletown.  Cortlaudt  and  Desbrosses  Streets 
Ferries  to  Jersey  City. 

New  York  Central,  via  Hudson  River  R.  R. ,  to  Albany  and  inter- 
mediate places,  to  Utica,  Syracuse,  Rochester,  Niagara  Falls,  for 
the  West,  Northwest,  and  Southwest.  Grand  Central  Depot, 
Forty-second  Street. 

New  York  and  Boston,  via  Springfield  and  Worcester.  Grand 
Central  Depot. 

New  York  and  Boston,  via  New  London,  Stonington,  and  Provi- 
dence, from  Grand  Central  Depot. 

New  York  and  Harlem— to  Williamsbridge,  White  Plains,  Lake 
Mahopac,  Dover,  Boston  Corners,  Chatham,  Lebanon,  to  Albany 
— from  Grand  Central  Depot,  Forty-second  Street. 

Pennsylvania — JVeu:  Jersey  Division — to  Newark,  Elizabeth,  Rah- 
way,  New  Brunswick,  Princeton,  Trenton,  to  Philadelphia,  and 
connects  with  Philadelphia,  Wilmington,  and  Baltimore  R.  R., 
for  Baltimore  and  Washington.  Cortlandt  and  Desbrosses  Streets 
Ferries  to  Jersey  City. 

Philadelphia.— iVewj  York  and  PhiladelpJiia.—'^-E^  Line  fok 
New  York,  via  North  Penn.  R.  R.,  Bound  Brook  and 
Central  R.  R.  of  New  Jersey.  Leaving  foot  of  Liberty 
Street. 

Prospect  Park  and  Coney  Island.  Depot,  Ninth  Avenue  and 
Twentieth  Street,  Brooklyn.  Take  the  Vanderbilt  Avenue  cars 
at  Fulton  or  Catharine  Ferries,  to  Ninth  Avenue  and  Twentieth 
Street. 

Southern  R.  R.  of  Long  Island — to  Jamaica,  Rockaway,  Babylon, 
Islip,  and  Patchogue— by  boat  to  Fire  Island.  Ferries  to  Wil- 
liamsburg. 

Staten  Island— by  steamers  from  Whitehall  Street  (Pier  No.  1, 
E.  R.)  to  Vanderbilt  Landing,  via  Railroad  to  Tottenville  and 
intermediate  stations. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION. 


95 


RIVER  STEAMBOATS  FROM  NEW  YORK, 

With  Xames,  I'icrs,  and  Hours  of  Sailing. 


On  the  North  River. 

Albany. — Day  Boats,  Dauiel  Drew  and 
C.  Vibbard,  daily,  8:35  a.m.     Pier  39. 

Citizens'  Line— Thomas  Powell,  dai- 
ly, C  p.m.,  except  Saturdays.  Pier  id. 

People's  Line — Drew,  St.  Johu,  and 
Deau  Richmond,  daily,  6  p.m.  Pier  41. 
J.  B.  Schuyler,  6  p.m.    Pier  35. 
Athens. — Andrew  Harder  and  Walter 

Brett,  daily,  6  p.m.    Pier  42. 
Barrytown.— Ausouia,  5  p.m.    Pier  35. 
Bergsn  Point. — Thomas  P.  Way,  Sun- 
days only,  1U:3U  a.m.    Pier  20. 

Chancellor,  daily,  11  a.m.  and  5  p.m. 
Pier  14. 

Boston.—Fall  River  Line — via  Newijort 
and  Fall  River  —  Steamers  Newport 
and  Old  Colony  to  Fall  River,  then  by 
rail  to  Boston,  daily,  5  p.m.   Pier  28. 

Providence  and  Stonington  Line — via- 
Providence— Steamers  Rhode  Island, 
Nari'agansett.  and  Stonington,  dailv,  5 
p.m.    Pier  33. 

Xeptune  Line — via  Providence — 
Steamers  Electra  and  Galatea,  daily,  5 
p.m.  Pier  27. 

Norwich  and  Worcester  Line  —  via 
New  London— Steamers  City  of  New 
York  and  City  of  Boston,  daily,  5  p.m. 
Pier  40. 

Brown's  Dock.— Sea  Bird.  Fortimeof 
leaving  see  Red  Bank.    Pier  35. 

Castleton.— Wal  Brett,  6  p.m.    Pier  42. 

CatskilL— J.  B.  Schuyler  and  Andrew 
Harder,  daily,  6  p.m.    Pier  35. 

New  Champion  and  Walter  Brett, 
daily,  6  p.m.    Pier  42. 

Chelsea. — Propeller  Eureka,  daily,  2:30 
p.m.    Pier  22. 

Cold  Spring. — N.  Champion  and  W. 
Br.'tt.  daily,  6  p  m.    Pier  42. 

Cornwall  —J.  W.  Baldwin  and  T.  Cor- 
nell, daily.  4  p.m.    Pier  34. 
Andrew  Harder,  6  p.m.    Pier  35. 

Coxsackie.— Thos.  McManus  and  Red- 
held,  daily,  6  p.m.    Pier  49. 

Cozzens.— J.  W.  Baldwin,  daily,  4  p.m. 
Pier  34. 

New  Champion,  6  p.m.    Pier  42. 

David's  Island.— Henry  Smith,  Tues- 
day and  Friday,  9  a.m.  Stops  at  Barge 
Office,  Battery.    Pier  58. 

Elizabethport,  —  Chancellor,  daily,  11 
a.m.,  5  p.m.    Pier  14. 


Elm  TsiTk.— People's  Ferry  Co.— Daily 
Pier  19. 

Englewood.— Adelpbi,  daily,  3:30  p.m. 
(Stops  at  24th  st.)  Pier  34. 

Esopus.— J.  W.  Baldwin  and  T.  Cornell, 
daily,  4  p.m.    Pier  35. 

Fairhaven.— Sea  Bird.  For  time  of  leav- 
ing see  Red  Bank.  Pier  35. 

Fall  River.— Fa/;  River  ZVne— Bristol 
(with  music)  and  Providence,  daily, 
5  p.m.    Pier  28. 

Fishkill  Landing — Ship  by  H.  Rams- 
dell  s  Line  to  Newburg.    Pier  35. 

Fort  Lee.  -Flora,  daily,  from  125th  st., 
Manhattauville.  Sunday,  hourly  from 
8:25  a.m.  to  5:15  p.m. 

Pleasant  Valley  (stops  at  24th  st.), 
daily.    Pier  42. 

Fort  Schuyler.-  -Henry  Smith.  Pier  58. 

Germantown.— New    Champion  and 
Walter  Brett,  daily,  6.  p.m.    Pier  42, 
Andrew  Harder.  Tuesday,  Thurs- 
day, Saturday,  6  p.m.  Pier"35. 

Governor's  Island  —Propeller  Govern- 
or's Island.  Battery  at  7:30,  then 
hourly  from  8  a.m.  to  7  p.m. 

Grassy  Point.— Chrystenah,  daily,  3:15 
p.m.    Stops  24th  st.    Pier  34. 

Hastings.— Adelphi,  daily,  3:30  p.m. 
Stops  24th  St.  at  3:40  p.m.    Pier  34. 

Haverstraw.— Adelphi,  daily,  3:30  p.m. 
Stops  24th  St.    Pier  34. 

Chrystenah,  daily,  3:15  p.m.  Stops 
24th  St.    Pier  34. 

Highlands,  N.  J.— Sea  Bird.  For  time 
ol  leaving  see  Red  Bank. 

Highlands,N.  Y.— D.  S.  Miller  and  Has- 
brouck,  daily,  5  p.m.    Pier  35. 

Thomas  Cornell,Tuesday,  Thursday, 
and  Saturday.  4  p.m.    Pier  34. 

Hudson.— T.  McManus  and  Redfield, 
daily,  6  p.m.    Pier  49. 

Hyde  Park.— Walter  Brett,  Tuesday, 
Thursday,  and  Sa'day.  6  p.m.  Pier  42, 

Keyport.— Holmdel.    Pier  26>^. 

Matteawan,  daily,  3  p.m.    Pier  26. 

Kingston.- J.  W.  Baldwin  and  T.  Cor- 
nell, 4  p.m.    Pier  34. 

Locust  Point.— Sea  Bird.  For  time  of 
leaving  see  Red  Bank.    Pier  35. 

Long  Branch.— Steamers  from  Pier  S. 

Maldon.— And.  Harder,  6  p.m.  Pier  35. 
Champion  and  Brett,  daily,  6  p.m. 
Pier  42. 


96 


IIISTOllV    OF   AND   HOW   TO   SEE   NEW  YORK. 


Mariner's  Harbor. — ChauccUor,  daily, 

1 1  a.m.,  5  p.m.    Pier  14. 
Marlborough.— D.  S.  Miller  aucl  J.  L. 

Hasbrouck,  daily,  5  p.m.    Pier  35. 

J.  ^Y.  Baldwin  and  T.  Cornell,  daily, 
4  p.m.  Pier  3i. 
Matteawan.— W.  J.  Matteawau,  daily, 

3  p.m.    Pier  26. 

Milton. — J.  W.  Baldwin  and  Cornell, 

daily,  4  p.m.    Pier  34. 
New  Bedford. — Stonington  Line — Sto- 

uiugtou  and  Kliode  Island,  daily,  5 

p.m.  Pier  33. 
New  Brighton.— People's  Ferry  Co. — 

Daily.  Do  not  laud  on  Sundays. 
Newburg. — H.  RanisdeJl  <£  Co's.  Line— 

Susquehanna  and  C.  Spear,  daily,  4 

p.m.    Pier  35. 
J.  W.  Baldwin  and  T.  Cornell,  daily, 

4  p.m.    Pier  34. 

New  Hamburg — D  S.  Miller  and  J. 

L.  Hasbrouck,  daily,  5  p.m.  Pier  35. 
New  London. —  Vermont  C.  R.  R.  Line — 

Pier  3(5. 

New  Baltimore.— Wal.  Brett.  Tuesday. 

Thursday,  and  Satur.,  G  p.m.  Pier  42. 
Newport,  R.  I. — Fall  River  Line— (with 

music).  Bristol  and  Providence,  daily, 

5  p.m.   Pier  28. 

Nyack.— Chrvstenah,  daily,  3:15  p.m. 
Stops  at  24th  st.    Pier  34. 

Oceanic,  N.  J.— Sea  Bird.  For  time  of 
leaving'  see  Red  Bank.    Pier  35. 

Peekskill.— Chrysteuah,  daily,  3:15  p.m. 
Stops  at  24th  St.  at  3:20  p.m.  Pier  34. 

Perth  Amboy.— Propeller  Eureka,  dai- 
ly, 2:30  p.m.  Pier  22. 

Pleasant  Valley.  —  Pleasant  Valley. 
Stops  at  24th  st.,  daily  10a.m.,  2  and  5 
p.m.  Sundays  i),  10,  11  a.m.;  1,  2,  3 
p.m.    Pier  42. 

Pleasant  Valley.— Flora.  Daily  from 
125th  St.,  Manhattan ville.  Sunday, 
hourly  from  8:25  a.m.  to  8  p.m. 

Port  Monmouth. — N.  J.  Southern  R.R. 
Zi'«e— Pier  8. 

Port  Richmond  People's  Ferry  Co. — 

Daily.    Pier  19. 

Poughkeepsie. — J.  W.  Baldwin,  4  p.m. 
Pier  34. 

D.  S.  Miller  and  J.  L.  Hasbrouck, 
daily,  5  p.m.    Pier  35. 

Port  Washington.— Propeller  J.  W. 
Harding.    Wednesday  and  Saturday, 

12  m.    Pier  34. 

Port  Washington,  N.  J.— Sea  Bird. 
See  Red  Bank.    Pier  35. 


Providence,  R.  l.—Slouinglon  Line— 
Stoiiingtuii,  Narra^'ausett,  and  Rhode 
Island,  daily,  5  p.m.    Pier  33. 

Electra  and  Galatea,  5  p.m.  Pier  27. 

Red  Bank,  N.  J.— Sea  Bird.  According 
to  tide.    Pier  35. 

Rhinebeck.— Andrew  Harder,  Tuesday, 
Thurs.,  and  Satur.,    G  p.m.   Pier  35. 

Champion  and  Brett,  daily,  G  p.m. 
Pier  42. 

Rockland  Lake.  —  Chrystenah,  daily, 
3:15  p.m.    Stops  at  24th  St.    Pier  34. 

Rondout.— Same  as  Kingston. 

Rossville.  —  Propeller  Eureka,  daily, 
2:30  p.m.    Pier  22. 

Propeller  J.  W.  Harding,  Wednesday 
and  Saturday.  12  m.  Pier  35. 

Sailors'  Snug  Harbor.— i^eopZe's  Ferry 
Co.— Daily,  except  Sunday.    Pier  19. 

Sandy  Hook,  N.  J.— Pier  8.  See  N.  J. 
Southern  R.  R.  time  table, 

Saugerties.— Ansonia,  Tuesday,  Thiirs- 
d:iy,  and  Saturday,  5  p.m.    Pier  35. 

Shrewsbury,  N.  J.— See  N.  J.  South- 
ern R.  R.  time  table.    Pier  8. 

Sing  Sing.— Adelphi,  daily,  3:30  p.m. 
Stops  at  24th  st.    Pier  34. 

Smith's  Dock. — Champion  and  Brett, 
daily,  G  p.m.    Pier  42. 

Andrew  Harder,  Tuesdaj',  Thurs- 
day, and  Saturday,  6  p.m.  Pier  35. 

South  Amboy. — Eureka,  daily,  2:30 
p.m.  Pier  22. 

Stapleton.— D.  R.  Martin,  daily.  Pier  8. 

Star  Landing.— Propeller  Eureka,  dai- 
ly, 2:30.  Pier  22. 

Propeller  J.  W.  Harding,  Wednes- 
day and  Saturday,  12  m.  Pier  13. 

Stonington,  Conn. — Stonington  Line — 
Stonington.  Narragansett,  and  Rhode 
Island,  daily,  5  p.m.  Pier  33. 

Staatsburg.  —  Andrew  Harder,  Tues- 
day. Thursday,  and  Saturday,  G  p.m. 
Pier  35. 

Stuyvesant. — Walter  Brett,  Tuesday, 
Thursday,  and  Saturday,  6  p.m. 
Pier  42. 

Andrew  Harder,  Tuesday,  Thurs- 
day, and  Saturday,  6  p.m.  Pier  35. 
Tarrytown. — Chrystenah,    daily,  3:15 

p.m.    Stops  24th  st.   Pier  34. 
Tivoli. — Ansonia,  Tuesday,  Thursday, 
and  Saturday,  5  p.m.  Pier  35. 

Champion  and  Brett,  daily,  6  p.m. 
Pier  42. 

Tompkins  Cove.— Chrystenah.  Tues- 
day, Thursday,  and  Saturday,  3:15 
p.m.    Stops  at  24th  st.  Pier  24. 


GENERAL  INFOEMATION. 


97 


Tottenville.— Propeller  Eureka,  daily, 
2:;iOiJ.m.    Pier  22. 

Troy. — Citizen's  Line — Powell,  Tuesday, 
Thursday,  Sunday,  G  p.m.    Pier  49. 

J.  B.  Schuyler,  Monday,  "Wednes- 
day, Friday,  6  p.m.  Pier  35. 

West  Brighton.  —  People's  Ferrij  Co.— 
Daily.  .  Pier  19. 

West  Park.— J.  "W.  Baldwin,  Monday, 
Wednesday,  Friday,  4  p.m.  Pier  34. 

West  Point.- -New  Champion,  Monday, 
Wednesday,  Friday,  6  p.m.  Pier  42. 

White  'M.ovLxAaims.—Stonington  Line — 
Stouington  and  Rhode  Island,  daily, 
5  p.m.    Pier  33. 

Willett's  Point.— Henry  Smith,  Tues- 
day &  Friday,  9  a.m.  Stops  at  Barge 
Office,  Battery.  Pier  .58. 

Wood's  Dock.— Propeller  J.W.Harding, 
Wednesday  &  Saturday,  12  m.  Pier  3.5. 

Yonkers.  —  Chrystenah  and  Adelphi, 
daily.  Stops  at  24th  si.  Pier  34. 

On  the  East  River. 

Astoria.- Harlem  Boats.    Stopping  at 

11th  St.,  daily.    Pier  24. 
Harlem  and  Morrisania  Steamboat 

Co.— Daily.    Pier  22. 
Bayle's  Dock.  — Seawanhaka,    daily,  4 

p.m.    Pier  24. 
Bridgeport,  Conn.— Bridgeport,  daily, 

11:30  a.m.    Pier  35. 
Clifton,  S.  l.—Staten  Island  R.R.  Ferry. 

— Daily.    Pier  1. 
Essex,  Conn.— City  of  Hartford  and 

S  ate  of  New  York,  daily,  4  p.m. 

Pier  24. 

Glen  Cove,  L.  I.— Seawanhaka.  Stops 
at  33d  St.,  daily,  4  p.m.    Pier  24. 

Glen  Wood. —  Seawanhaka.  Stops  at 
33d  St.,  daily,  4  p.m.    Pier  24. 

Great  Neck,  L.  I.— Seawanhaka.  Stops 
at  33d  St.,  daily,  4  p.m.  Pier  24. 

Greenport.  —  W.  W.  Coit,  Tuesday, 
Thursday,  Friday,  5  p.m.    Pier  16. 

Harlem.— Z?irec;. — Harlem  Boats  Ex- 
press, daily.    Pier  24. 

Harlem  and  Morrisania  Steamboat 
Co.— Daily.    Pier  22. 

Hartford,  Conn  City  of  Hartford  and 

State  of  New  York,  daily,  4  p.m. 
Pier  24. 

High  Bridge.— Leave  hourly  from  Har- 
lem Bridge  during  Summer. 

Lynn,  Conn. —  City  of  Hartford  and 
State  of  New  York,  daily,  4  p.m. 
Pier  24. 


Martha's  Vineyard.— xV.  B.  and  X.  V. 

S.  S.  Co.— Daily,  5  p.m.    Pier  31). 
Portland  Steamers,  Monday  and 

Thursday,  4  p.m.    Pier  38. 
Middle  Haddam.— City  of  Hartford  and 

State  of  New  York,  daily,   4  p.m. 

Pier  24. 

Middletown,  Conn. — City  of  Hartford 

State  of    New  York,  and  Granite 

State,  daily,  4  p.m.  Pier  24. 
Morrisania,  N.  Y. — See  Harlem  Boats. 
Nantucket.— .v.  B.  <&  N.  Y.  S.  S.  Co.— 

Daily,  5  p.m.    Pier  39. 
New  Bedford.— xT.  B.  <£•  N.  Y.  S.  S.  Co. 

—Daily,  5  p.m.    Pier  39. 
New  Brighton.  North  Shore.— iVbr^A 

Shore  Ferry  Co.— Daily.    Pier  1. 
New  Haven,  Conn.— C.  H.  Northam. 

Continental  and  Elm  City.    Stops  at 

23d  St.,  daily,  3  p.m.    Pier  25. 
New  London. —  Vermont  C.  R.  R.  Line. — 

Daily,  5  p.m.    Pier  30. 
New  Suffolk.— W.  W.  Coit,  daily.  Pier 

16. 

Norwich.— Propeller  Delaware,  Friday, 
12  m.    Pier  ,39. 

Orient.— W.  W.  Coit.  Tuesday  and  Fri- 
day, 4  p.m.    Pier  16. 

Portland,  Me.-  Maine  S.S.Co.—^londi&j 
and  Thursday,  4  p.m.    Pier  38. 

Port  Richmond,  S.  1.— North  Shore 
Ferry  Co.— Daily.    Pier  1. 

Rockaway. — Neversink  and  Americus. 
Excursion  boats.  Pier  37. 

Roslyn. —Seawanhaka,  daily,  4  p.m. 
Pier  24. 

Sands  Point.—  Seawanhaka,  daily,  4 

p.m.    Pier  24. 
Sailors'    Snug  Harbor.— JVbri'^  Shore 

Ferry  Co.— Daily.    Pier  1. 
Sag    Harbor.— W.  W.  Coit,  Tuesday 

and  Friday,  4  p.m.    Pier  16. 
Saybrook,  Conn.— City  of  Hartford  and 

State  of  N.  Y.,  daily,  4  p.m.    Pier  24. 

Shelter  Island.— W.  W.  Coit,  Tuesday 
and  Friday,  4  p.m.    Pier  16. 

Sea  Cliff.— Seawanhaka,  Stops  33d  st., 
daily,  4  p.m.    Pier  24. 

South  Norwalk.— Nelly  White,  daily,  8 
p.m.    Pier  37. 

Tompkinsville. — Staten  Island  R.  R. 

Ferry. — Daily  (hourly).    Pier  1. 
Vanderbilt,  S.  l.—Staten  Island  R.  R. 

Ferry. — Daily  (hourly).    Pier  1. 

West  Brighton. — Xorth  Shore  Ferry  Co. 
— Daily  (hourly).   Pier  1. 


98  HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK. 


WASHINGTON  MARKET,  SATURDAY  AFTERNOON. 


PUBLIC  MARKETS. 

The  principal  Markets  of  New  York— 
the  Washington  and  Fulton — originally 
built  many  years  ago,  have  had  addi- 
tions constructed  to  them  from  time  to 
time,  as  the  wants  of  the  public  have 
increased,  until  they  now  present  a 
picturesque  view  of  incongruously  at- 
tached buildings.  Nothing  in  the  way 
of  architectural  symmetry  or  appear- 
ance has  been  thought  of  in  their 
construction.  The  great  amount  of 
business  which  is  daily  and  nightly 
transacted  in  the  Washington  Market 
particularly,  absolutely  leaves  no  time 
for  improvement  or  ornamentation. 
But  if  their  exteriors  fail  to  please, 
their  interiors  will  afford  a  panoramic 
exhibition  of  the  greatest  interest. 
The  Markets  of  New  York  will  favorably 
compare  in  quantity  and  variety  of  ])ro- 
duce  with  any  Market  in  the  world. 

The  City  Public  Markets  are  : 
Catharine  Market  is  on  the  East  River  at 

the  foot  of  Catharine  street. 
Centre  Market  is  bounded  by  Grand, 

Broome,  Centre,  and  Baxter  streets. 
Clinton  Market  is  on  North  River,  foot 

of  Canal  and  Spring  streets. 
Essex  Market  is  on  Grand  and  Ludlow 

streets. 

Franklin  Market  is  on  East  River  at  Old 
Slip. 

Fulton  Market  is  bounded  by  South,  Ful- 
ton, and  Beekman  streets. 

Gouverneur  Market  is  on  East  River,  cor. 
of  Water  and  Gouverneur  streets. 


JeflFerson  Market  is  at  the  junction  of 

Sixth  and  Greenwich  avs. 
Tompkins  Market  is  on  Third  av..  East 

side,  extending  from  Sixth  to  Seventh 

streets. 

Union  Market  is  at  the  jimction  of  Sec- 
ond and  Houston  streets. 

Washington  Market,  where  a  vast  deal 
more  produce  is  sold  than  anywhere 
else  in  the  city,  is  on  North  Tdver.  at 
the  foot  of  Vesey  and  Fulton  streets. 


USE  OF  CARRIAGES. 

Strangers  employing  coaches  will 
consult  their  own  interests  and  conve- 
nience by  making  a  bargain  with  the 
driver  before  entering  the  vehicle. 
Each  carriage  is  required  to  have  its 
license  number  conspicuously  painted 
on  its  lamps,  and  the  legal  rates  of  fare 
printed  and  posted  up  within  it  in  plain 
sight ;  and  no  hackman  whose  carriage 
is  not  so  furnished,  can  collect  any  fare 
Irom  his  customer.  In  case  of  any  vio- 
lation of  the  law,  or  overcharge,  passen- 
gers will  report  the  number  of  the  car- 
riage at  the  Mayor's  office  (City  Hall) 
for  advice  or'redress. 

RATES  OF  FARES. 

1.  For  conveying  a  passenger  any  dis- 
tance not  exceeding  one  mile,  $1.00; 
for  two  passengers  the  same  distance, 
$1.  50;  and  for  every  additional  passen- 
ger, 50  cts. 

2.  For  any  distance  exceeding  a  mile,. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION. 


99 


and  within  two  miles,  75  cts. ;  for  every 
additional  passenger,  37^-  cts. 

3.  For  the  use  of  a  carriage  by  the 
honr,  with  one  or  more  passengers, 
with  the  privilege  of  going  from  place 
to  place,  and  stopping  as  often  as  may 
be  required,  $1  an  hour. 

4.  In  all  cases  where  the  hiring  of  a 
hackney  coach  or  carriage  is  not  at  the 
time  thereof  specitied  to  be  by  the  day 
or  hour,  it  shall  be  deemed  to  be  by 
the  mile. 

5.  For  children  between  2  and  14 
years  of  age,  half  price  ;  and  for  chil- 
dren under  2  years,  no  charge  is  to 
be  made. 

6.  Whenever  a  hackney  coach  or  car- 
riage shall  be  detained,  excepting  as 
aforesaid,  the  owner  or  driver  shall  be 
allowed  after  the  rate  of  75  cts.  an  hour. 

In  case  of  disagreement  as  to  distance 
or  price,  the  same  shaU  be  determined 
by  the  First  Marshal. 

Every  licensed  owner  or  driver  of  any 
hackney  coach,  carriage,  or  cab,  when 
with  his  coach,  carriage,  or  cab  on  any 
public  stand,  or  at  any  of  the  steam- 
boat landings,  or  railroad  depots,  shall 
wear  conspicuously  on  his  left  breast  a 
badge  in  tJie  form  of  a  shield,  of  a  size 
sufficient  to  admit  the  number  of  the 
coach  to  be  engraved  thereon  in  plain 
black  figures,  with,  the  word  "  Li- 
censed "  above  and  the  word  "  Hack  " 
beneath  such  number,  in  semi-circular 
form. 

Every  driver  of  any  carriage  or  cab 
shall  present  to  every  passenger  em- 
ploying him  a  card,  on  which  shall  be 
legibly  printed  the  number  of  his 
license,  and  also  the  name  and  stable  of 
the  owner,  and  the  number  of  the  car- 
riage or  cab  driven  by  him,  together 
with  the  place  of  the  Mayor's  office. 


PLACES  OF  AMUSEMENT. 

Academy  of  Music,  14th  street  and  Irving 
Place.  Reached  by  Third  and  Fourth 
av.  cars  to  14th  street  ;  42d  street 
cross-town  cars  pass  the  door. 

Booth's  Theatre,  cor.  23d  street  and 
Sixth  av.  Broadway  and  23d  street 
stages  and  Sixth  av.  cars  pass  the 
door.  Broadway  cars  pass  within 
one  square  to  the  East,  and  the  Sev- 
enth av.  cars  within  one  square  to 
the  West. 

Bowery  Theatre.  Bowery,  near  Canal 
street.  Third  and  Second  av.  cars 
pass  the  door.    A  branch  of  the 


Bleecker  street  line  (yellow  cars)  also 
pass  it. 

Chickering  Hall,  Fifth  av.  and  18th 
street.  University  Place  cars  pass 
within  one  block  of  the  Hall. 

Colosseum,  cor.  of  Broadway  and  35th 
street.  Sixth  av.  and  Broadway  cars 
pass  the  door. 

Eagle  Theatre,  Sixth  av.  bet.  32d  and 
33d  streets.  Broadway  and  Sixth  av. 
cars  pass  the  door. 

Fifth  Avenue  Theatre,  28th  street,  near 
Broadway.  Reached  by  Broadway 
and  University  Place  cars,  and  42d 
street  and  Grand  street  ferry  cars, 
and  Broadway  omnibuses  pass  the 
corner. 

Germania  Theatre,  14th  street  (Tammany 
Hall).  Reached  by  Third  and  Fourth 
av.  cars  to  14th  street,  and  42d  street 
cars  pass  the  door. 

Globe  Theatre,  Broadway,  bet.  Fourth 
street  and  Astor  Place.  All  the 
Broadway  omnibuses  pass  the  door. 

Grand  Opera  House,  cor.  23d  street  and 
Eighth  av.  Broadway  and  23d  street 
omnibuses,  and  Eighth  av.  cars  pass 
the  door. 

Lyceum  Theatre  (formerly  the  French 
Opera  House),  14th  street.  West  of 
Sixth  av.  The  situation  is  three 
squares  West  of  Broadway;  Sixth  av. 
cars  pass  the  corner. 

Metropolitan  Theatre,  585  Broadway.  All 
the  Broadway  omnibuses  pass  the 
door. 

Niblo's  Theatre,  Broadway,  bet.  Prince 
and  Houston  streets,  in  rear  of  Met- 
ropolitan Hotel.  All  the  Broadway 
omnibuses  pass  the  door. 

Olympic  Theatre,  Broadway,  bet.  Hous- 
ton and  Bleecker  streets.  Broadway 
omnibuses  pass  the  door,  and  the 
Bleecker  street  cars  pass  the  corner 
above. 

Park  Theatre,  Broadway,  bet.  21st  and 
22d  streets.  Broadway  and  42d  street 
cars  pass  near  the  house. 

Robinson  Hall,  16th  street,  near  Broad 
way.  Broadway  cars  and  omnibuses 
pass  the  corner. 

San  Francisco  Minstrels,  Broadway,  cor. 
29th  street.  Reached  by  Broadway 
cars  and  stages. 

Steinway  Hall,  14th  street,  near  Fourth 
av.  Third  and  Fourth  av.  cars  pass 
the  corners,  42d  street  cars  pass  the 
door. 


100         HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YOKK, 


Stadt  Theatre  {German),  Bowery,  bet. 
Bayard  aud  Caual  streets.  Third  aud 
Second  avs..  and  the  yellow  Bleecker 
street  cars  pass  the  door. 

Tivoli  Theatre,  Eighth  street,  bet.  Sec- 
ond aud  Third  avs.  Reached  by  Sec- 
ond and  Third  av.  cars. 

Third  Avenue  Theatre,  bet,  30th  and  31st 
streets.  Third  av.  cars  pass  the 
door. 

Theatre  Comiqne.  514  Broadwa\ ,  opposite 
St.  Nicholas  Hotel.  All  the  Broadway 
stages  pass  the  door. 

Twenty-third  Street  Theatre,  formerly 
Bryant's  Opera  Honse,  23d  street  aud 
Sixth  av.  Sixth  av.  and  23d  street 
cars,  aud  Broadway  and  23d  street 
omnibuses. 

Union  Square  Theatre,  cor,  Broadway  and 
14th  street.  Eeached  by  the  Broad- 
way omnibuses;  the  Fourth  av.  aud 
42d  street  line  of  cars  pass  near  the 
door. 

Wallack's  Theatre,  Broadway,  cor.  13th 
street,  one  square  below  Union  Park. 
All  Broadway  omnibuses  pass  the 
door ;  Fourth  av.  cars  are  at  the  rear ; 
Broadway  cars  one  short  square  to 
the  West. 

Wood's  Museum,  Broadway,  near  3()th 
street.  Broadway  aud  42d  street  cars 
pass  the  door.  It  is  sitviated  a  short 
square  east  of  Sixth  av. 


PRINCIPAIi  HOTELS. 

The  Hotels  of  New  York  have  long  en- 
joyed the  reputation  of  being  the  best 
in' the  world.  They  are  numerous  and 
well  distributed  throughout  the  city. 
They  are  spacious,  some  of  them  haviii<r 
a  capacity  to  accommodate  1,000  guests 
—and  sumptuously  furnished  aud  sup- 
plied with  every  convenience  which  can 
in  any  way  contribute  to  the  comfort  of 
the  guest.  Many  of  the  Hotels  have 
adopted  the  European  plan  of  charging 
separately  for  rooms  aud  meals;  others 
adhere  to  the  American  custom  of  in- 
cluding both  items. 

ON  THE  AMEEICAN  PLAN. 

Belvidere   Irving;  Place  &  15th  St. 

Branting  Madison.  Av.  &  58th  St. 

Broadway  Broadway  &  42d  St. 

Bull's  Head  322  Third  Ave. 

Clarendon  64  Union  Square. 

Clinton  Place  755  Broadway. 

Espanola  21  East  4th  St. 

Farmers'  10  Broadway. 

Fulton  '202  Third  Ave. 


Glenham  3d  Ave  &  24th  St, 

Grand  Union  4th  Ave  &  4l8t  St. 

Groot's  490  Canal  St. 

Grosvenor  37  Fifth  Ave. 

Hudson  Exchange..  ..10th  Ave.'  &  30th  St. 

Irving  Place  1  Irving  Place. 

Lenox  72  Fifth  Ave. 

Madison  Avenue  63  Madison  Ave, 

Marlborough  Sixth  Ave.  &  38th  St. 

Merchants'  39Cortlaudt  St. 

Mill's  375  Fourth  Ave. 

New  England  30  Bowery. 

New  York  721  Broadway. 

Old  Libby  386  Fourth  Ave. 

Pacific  174  Greenwich  St. 

Spingler  5  Union  Square. 

Strasbourg  229  Tenth  Ave. 

Sturtevant  1186  Broadway. 

Tyler  Broadway  &  12th  St. 

Van  Dyke  28  Bowery. 

Washington  1  Broadway. 

Windsor  Fifth  Ave.  &  46th  St. 

ON  THE  EUROPEAN  PLAN. 

Albemarle  Broadway  &  24th  St. 

Alborne  256  Fulton  St. 

Anson  79  Spring  St 

Anthony  834  Broadway. 

Arlington  22  East  14th  St. 

Astor  221  Broadway. 

Belmont  137  Fulton  St. 

Bowery  395  Bowery. 

Brandreth  Broadway  &  Canal  St. 

Brevoort  11  Fifth  Ave. 

Brevoort  Place  Broadway    10th  St. 

Brower  24  West  28th  St. 

Brunswick  225  Fifth  Ave. 

Buckingham  50th  St.  &  Fifth  Ave. 

Central  253  Canal  St. 

Central  272  West  St. 

Central  Park  7th  Ave.  &  59th  St. 

City  71  Cortlandt  St. 

Coleman  Broadway  &  27th  St. 

Columbian  187  Chatham  St. 

Continental  442  Broadway. 

Cooper  80  East  9th  St. 

Cooper  Union  19  Third  Ave. 

Cosmopolitan  Chambers  &  W.  B'way. 

Crittenden  Broadway  &  2()th  St. 

Crook's  84  Chatham  St. 

Dey  Street  58  Dey  St. 

Earle's  Canal  k  Centre  Sts. 

Eastern  62  Whitehall  St. 

Empire  613  Third  Ave. 

Everett  4th  Ave.  &  17th  St. 

Everett's  104  Vesey  St. 

French's  Chatham  k  Frankfort  Sts. 

Garvey  4th  Ave.  &  42d  St. 

Germania  141  Cedar  St. 

Germania  137  Grand  St. 

Gilsey  Broadway  k  29th  St. 

Glenham  155  Fifth  Ave. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION. 


101 


Graad  Broadway  &  31st  St. 

Grand  Central  071  Broadway. 

Grant  48  New  Bowery. 

Hanfield's  622  Grand  St. 

Hartman's  47  Bowery. 

Hoffman  1111  Broadway. 

International  17  &  19  Park  Row. 

Irving  49  East  12th  St. 

Jegel  47  Barclay  St. 

Lafayette  595  Broadway. 

La  Pierre  56  Warren  St. 

Leggett's  46  Chatham  St. 

Lion  Park  110th  St.  &  Eighth  Ave. 

McKinley's  93  South  St. 

Madison  Square  Broadway  &  21st  St. 

Manhattan  265  Bowery. 

Monument  6  Union  Square. 

National  5  Cortlandt  St. 

New  Jersey  73  Cortlandt  St. 

Northern  Cortlandt  &  West  Sts. 

Occidental  Broome  St.  &  Bowery. 

Paige's  Spring  &  West  Sts. 

Paris  22  West  Houston. 

Park  Beekman  &  Nassau  Sts. 

Parker  Broadway  k  34th  St. 

Pearl  Street  309  Pearl  St. 

Putnam  367  Fourth  Ave. 

Becreo  11  West  11th  St. 

Reinhardt's  2  Greenwich  St. 

Reservoir  Park  40th  St.  &  Sixth  Ave. 

Revere  —  606  Broadway. 

Rossmore  Broadway  &  42d  St. 

St.  Charles   648  Broadway. 

"    Cloud  Broadway  &  42d  St. 

"   Denis  Broadway  &  llth  St. 

"    Germain  22d  St.  &  Broadway. 

"   James  26th  St.  &  Broadway. 

"   Julien  4  Washington  Place. 

"   Lawrence  31  Bowery. 

"    Omer  Sixth  Ave.  &  23d  St. 

Bauer's  Fourth  Ave.  &  26th  St. 

Sheridan  159  Canal  St. 

Smith  &  McNeil's  197  Washington  St. 

Smith's  56  Chatham  St. 

Soule's  European  6th  Ave.  &  44th  St. 

Southern  679  Broadway. 

Stacy  760  Broadway. 

Steel's  316  Greenwich  St. 

Steuben  295  Bowery. 

Stevens  23  Broadway. 

Summit  Canal  &  Bowery. 

Sweeney's  Duane  &  Chatham. 

Tremont  663  Broadway. 

Union  Place  Broadway  &  14th  St. 

Union  Square  16  Union  Square. 

United  States  Fulton  &  Water. 

Vanderbilt  149  Hudson  St. 

"Van  Dyke  21  Catharine  Slip. 

Washington  375  Fourth  Ave. 

Westminster  Irving  Place  &  16th  St. 

Westmoreland  Fourth  Ave.  &  17th  St. 

West  Side  227  Sixth  Ave. 

Winchester  Broadway  &  31st  St. 


OK  THE  AMERICAN  AND  EUROPEAN  PLANS. 

Ashland  4th  Ave.  &  24th  St. 

Barnum's  904  Broadway. 

City  1  Clinton  Place. 

Fifth  Avenue  5th  Ave.  &  23d  St. 

Frankfort  Frankfort  k  William  Sts. 

Maltby  21  Great  Jones  St. 

Metropolitan  586  Broadway. 

Prescott  Broadway  &  Spring  St. 

St.  Nicholas  515  Broadway. 

Sailor's  Home  338  Pearl  St. 

Sinclair  754  Broadway. 


LIBRARIES. 

Apprentices',  472  Broadway.    Open  from 

8  A.M.  to  9  P.M. 

Aster,  Lafayette  Place,  near  Astor  Place. 
Open  daily,  except  Sundays  and  Holi- 
days, from  9  A.M.  to  5  p.m.  Free. 

City,  12  City  Hall.  Open  daily  from  10 
A.M.  to  4  P.M.  Free. 

Cooper  Union,  Seventh  street,  cor. 
Fourth  av.  Free  reading-rooms  for 
males  and  females.    Open  from  8 

A.M.  to  10  P.M. 

Harlem,  Third  av.,  near  122d  street. 

Open  from  2  to  7  p.m. 
Library  of  the  American  Institute,  Cooper 

Union.    Open  daily,  Irom  9  a.m.  to 

9  p.m.,  and  on  Wednesdays  and  Satur- 
days, from  9  A.M.  to  7  p.m. 

Mercantile  Library,  Astor  Place.  Open 
8  A.M.  to  9  P.M.  Down-town  ofi&ce  51 
Liberty  street.  Eeading-room  open 
from  8  A.M.  to  10  p.m. 

Mott  Memorial  Free  Medical,  58  Madison 
av.  Open  daily,  from  11  a.m.  to  1 
P.M.,  and  from  7  to  10  p.m. 

New  York  Historical  Society,  Second  av. , 
cor.  E.  11th  street.  Open,  from  Octo- 
ber to  April,  from  9  a.m.  to  9  p.m.  ; 
from  April  to  Oct.,  9  a.m.  to  6  p.m. 

New  York  Law  Institute,  New  Post  Office. 
Open  from  8.30  a.ai.  until  6  p.m.  from 
1st  of  March  to  1st  of  October;  rest 
of  the  year,  from  9  a.m.  to  5  p.m. 

New  York  Society,  67  University  Place. 
Open  from  8  a.m.  until  6  p.m.  Eead- 
ing-room from  8  A.M  to  10  p.m. 

Printers',  3  Chambers  street.  Open 
every  Saturday  evening. 

Women's,  38  Bleecker  street.  Open 
daily,  from  9  a.m.  to  4  p.  M. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  23d 
street  and  Fourth  av. :  Third  av. ,  cor. 
E.  122d  street;  245  Hudson  street; 
473  Grand,  and  285  Bleecker  streets. 
Open  dally. 


102         HISTORY   OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK. 


LOCATION  OF  PIERS. 

NORTH  RIVER. 

No.    Foot  of  Street. 

I,  2,  3— Battery  Place. 
4,  5,  6,  7,  8— Rector. 

9,  10,  11— Rector  aud  Carlisle. 

12,  13,  14— Albany  and  Cedar. 

15,  16-Liberty. 

17,  18,  19— Cortlandt. 

20,  21— Dey  aud  Fulton. 

22,  23,  24— Fulton  and  Vesey. 

26,  26— Barclay. 
27— Park  Place. 

28,  29— Murray  and  Warren. 
30— Chambers. 

31,  32,  33— Duaue  and  Jay. 

34 —  Harrison. 

35—  Franklin. 

36—  North  Moore. 

37,  38— Beach  and  Hubert 
39,  40— Vestry  and  Watts. 

41 —  Hoboken. 

42—  Canal. 

43,  44— Spring. 

45—  Charlton. 

46—  King. 

47—  West  Houston. 

48—  Clarkson. 

49—  Leroy. 

60 —  Morton. 

61—  Christopher. 

62—  West  10th. 

63—  Charles. 

64 —  Perry. 
55— West  11th. 
66— Bethune. 

57—  Horatio. 

58—  Gansevoort. 

59—  Bogart. 

60—  Bloomfield. 

61—  Little  l'2th. 

62,  63— West  13th  and  15tli. 

EAST  RIVER. 

No.    Foot  of  Street. 
1^  2— Whitehall. 
3,  4— Moore  and  Broad. 
5  to  10— Coenties  Slip. 

II,  12,  13— Old  Slip. 
14— Jones'  Lane. 
15,  16-Wall. 

17—  Pine. 

18—  Maiden  Lane. 

19—  Fletcher. 

20,  21-Burling  Slip. 
22— Fulton. 

23,  24— Beekman, 
25,  26— Peck  Slip. 

27,  28— Dover. 

29,  30— Roosevelt. 
31,  32— James  Slip. 


33— Oliver. 
34,  35,  36— Catharine. 
37,  38,  39— Market. 
40,  41,  42-Pike. 
43,  44,  45- Rutgers, 
46,  47— Jeifersou. 
48,  49— Clinton. 
50— Montgomery. 
51,  52— Gouvci>a«ir. 
63— Jackson. 

54—  Corlears. 

55—  Cherry. 

56,  57— Broome. 
58,  69— Delancy. 
60,  61— Rivington. 

62—  Stanton. 

63—  Third. 

64—  Filth. 

65—  Sixth. 

66—  Seventh. 

67—  Eighth. 

68—  Ninth. 

69,  70— E.  10th  and  11th. 


FERRIES. 

Astoria,  foot  E.  92d  street.  Reached 

by  Second  and  Third  av.  cars,  and 

Piers  22  and  24,  E.  R. 
Brooklyn,  Catharine  Slip  to  Main  street. 

By  Second  av.  cars. 
Brooklyn,  loot  Fulton  to  Fulton  street. 

By  Fifth  av.  stages  and  Bleecker 

street  cars. 

Brooklyn,  foot  Wall  to  Montague  street. 

By  Wall  street  and  Broadway  stages. 
Brooklyn,  loot  Whitehall  to  Atlantic 

street.    By  Broadway  stages,  etc. 
Brooklyn  (Williamsburg),  foot  Roosevelt 

to  South  7th  street. 
Brooklyn  (Williamsburg),  foot  E.  Hous- 
ton to  Grand  street. 
Brooklyn  (Williamsburg),  foot  Grand  to 

Grand  street,  and  to  South  7th  street. 
Bull's  Ferry  and  Fort  Lee,  Pier  51,  N.  R. 
Communipaw,  foot  Liberty  street. 
Greenpoint,  foot  E.  10th  street,  and  foot 

E.  23d  street. 
Hamilton  Av.,  foot  Whitehall  to  Atlantic 

Dock. 

Hoboken,  foot  Barclay  street,  N.  R. 
Hoboken,  foot  Christopher  street,  N.  R. 
Hunter's  Point,  foot  E.  34th  to  Ferry 
street. 

Hunter's  Point,  James  slip,  E.  R.,  to 
Ferry  street. 

Jersey  City,  foot  Cortlandt  to  Montgom- 
ery street.    By  2d  street  and  Broad- 


GENERAL  INFORMATION. 


103 


way  stages,  Grand  street  and  Belt 

Line  railroads. 
Jersey  City,  loot  Desbrosses  to  Exchange 

Place,    Grand  street  and  Belt  Line 

railroads. 
Mott  Haven,  Pier  24,  E.  R. 
Pavonia,  toot  Cbambers  and  23d  streets, 

N.  II.,  to  Long  Dock. 
Staten  Island  (Quarantine,  Stapleton, 

and    Vanderbilt's     Landing),  foot 

Whitehall    street.     By  Broadway 

stages  to  South  Ferry. 
Btaten  Island,  Pier  19,  N.  R. 
Weehawken,  foot  W.  42d  street. 


COLLEGES  IN  NEW  YORK. 

LITERARY. 

Columbia,  E.  49th  street,  bet.  Fourth  and 

Fifth  avs.  Reached  by  Third  or  Sixth 

av.  cars  to  49th  street. 
Theological  Seminary  of  the  Protestant 

Episcopal  Church,  W.  20th  street,  bet. 

Ninth  and  Tenth  avs.  Ninth  av.  cars. 
House  of  the  Evangelists,  52  Seventh 

street.    Seventh  av.  cars. 

New  York,  23d  street  and  Fourth  av. 
Third  and  Fourth  av.  cars  to  23d 
street. 

New  York  College  of  Dentistry,  21st  street 
and  Broadway.  Broadway  cars  and 
stages. 

Physicians  and  Surgeons,  23d  street  and 
Fourth  av.  42d  street  or  Fourth  av. 
cars. 

Rutgers  Female,  489  Fifth  av.  Fifth  av. 
stages, 

St.  Francis  Xavier,  49  "W.  15th  street. 

Sixth  av.  cars. 
St.  Louis,  232  W.  42d  street.  Seventh  and 

Eighth  av.  cars. 
University,   Washington   Square,  cor. 

Waverley  Place.    Broadway  cars. 
Union  Theological  Seminary,  9  University 

Place.     Broadway   and  University 

Place  cars. 

MEDICAL. 

Bellevue,  26th  street  and  First  av.  First 
and  Second  av.  cars  to  26th  street. 

Eclectic,  223  E.  26th  street.  First  or 
Second  av.  cars  to  26th  street. 

Hahnemann,  3  E.  23d  street.  Fifth  av. 
stages. 

HomoBopathic  Medical  Society,  Third  av. 
and  23d  street.    Third  av.  cars. 


Homoaopathic,  Third  av.  and  23d  street. 
Third  and  Fourth  av.  cars. 

Hygeia  Therapeutic,  95  Sixth  av.  Sixth 
av.  cars. 

Medical  College  for  Women,  187  Second  av. 

Second  av.  cars. 

New  York  Free  Medical,  for  Women,  51  St. 

Mark's  Place.    Second  av.  cars. 
Pharmacy,  University  Building.  Broad- 
way cars. 

University,  26th  street,  opposite  Belle- 
vue Hospital.  First  and  Second  av. 
cars. 

Veterinary,  205  Lexington  av.  Fourth 
av.  cars. 


HOSPITALS  IN  NEW  YORK. 

Bellevue,  foot  of  E.  28th  street.  First 

and  Second  av.  cars. 
Children's,  E.  51st  street,  near  Third  av. 

Third  av.  cars. 
German,  Fourth  av.  cor.  E.  77th  street. 

Third  av.  cars. 
Hahnemann,  807  E.  55th  street.  Third 

av.  cars. 

Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear,  233  E.  34th 
street.    Third  av.  cars. 

Metropolitan  Throat,  17  Stuyvesant  street. 
Second  and  Third  av.  cars. 

Mount  Sinai,  Lexington  av.  and  66th 
street.    Madison  and  Fourth  av.  cars. 

New  York,  Office,  8  W.  16th  street.  Fifth 
av.  Stages,  or  Sixth  av.  cars. 

New  York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  218  Sec- 
ond av.    First  and  Second  av.  cars. 

New  York  Infirmary  for  Women  and  Chil- 
dren, 5  Livingston  Place.  First  and 
Second  av.  cars. 

New  York  Ophthalmic,  Third  av.  cor.  23d 
street.    Third  av.  cars. 

New  York  Ophthalmic  Aural,  46  E.  12th 
street.  Broadway  stages  or  Fourth 
av.  cars. 

N.  Y-  State,  for  Diseases  of  the  Nervous 

System,  St.  Mark's  Place,  Second  av. 

Second  av.  cars. 
Nursery  and  Child's,  Lexington  av.  cot, 

E.  51st  street.    Third  av.  cars. 
Presbyterian,  E.  70th  street,  Fourth  av. 

Third  or  Fourth  av.  cars. 
Roosevelt,  W.  59th  street,  near  Ninth  av. 

Eighth  av.  or  Belt  Line  cars. 
Seamen's  Fund  and  Retreat,  Staten  Island. 

Office,  12  Old  Slip. 
St.  Elizabeth's,    225   W.    31st  street. 

Eighth  av.  cars. 


104        HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK. 


St.  Francis.  G09  Fifth  av.    Fourth  av. 
cars. 

St.  Luke's,  54th  street  and  Fifth  av. 

Sixth  av.  cars. 
St.  Mary's,  for  children,  407  W.  34th 

street.  Eighth  and  Ninth  av.  cars. 
Strangers,  Av.  D,  cor.  10th  street.  Av. 

D  line  cars. 
St.  Vincent,  195  11th  street.    Sixth  or 

Seventh  av.  cars. 
Ward's  Island,  Ward's  Island.  Office, 

Castle  Garden,  Battery. 
West  Side,  for  Throat  and  Eye  Diseases, 

282  Eit^hth  av.    Eighth  av.  cars. 
Woman's,  Fourth  av.  and  E.  50th  street. 

Third  av.  cars. 

The  Morgue,  foot  of  26th  street,  East 
River. 


DISPENSARIES. 

Central,  934  Eighth  av.  Eighth  av.  cars. 

JDemilt,  401  Second  av.  First  and  Sec- 
ond av.  cars. 

Eastern,  57  Essex  street.  East  Broadway 
cars. 

Hcleotic,  223  E.  26th  street.    Third  or 

Second  av.  cars. 
German,  65  St.  Mark's  Place.   Third  or 

Fourth  av.  cars. 
German,  West  Side,  332  W.  40th  street. 

Nin*;h  av.  cars. 
Barlem,  188  E.  122d  street.   Second  and 

Third  av.  cars. 
Hoffman,  153  W.  28th  street.  Seventh 

av.  cars. 

Homoeopathic,  59  Bond  street.  Broadway 
stages,  or  Third  or  Fourth  av.  cars. 

New  York  Ear,  36th  street  and  Ninth  av. 

Ninth  av.  cars. 
New  York,  for  Children,  406  E.  15th 

street.    Third  or  Second  av.  cars. 

New  York,  for  Diseases  of  Skin,  101  E. 
30th  street.    Third  av.  cars. 

New  York,  Tumor,  101  E.  30th  street. 
Third  av.  cars. 

New  York,  cor.  White  and  Centre  streets. 
Fourth  av.  cars. 

New  York,  Cancer  and  Hospital,  468 
Sixth  av.    Sixth  av.  cars. 

New  York,  for  Throat  and  Chest  Dis- 
eases, 47  University  Place.  Univer- 
sity Place  cars. 

New  York  Homoeopathic,  493  Seventh  av. 
Seventh  av.  cars. 


New  York  Orthopedic,  126  E.  59th  street 
Madison  and  Third  av.  cars. 

North  Eastern,  222  E.  59th  street.  Third 
av.  cars. 

North  Eastern  Homoeopathic,  307  E.  55th 
street.    First  and  Second  av.  cars. 

Northern,  Waverley  Place,  cor.  of  Chris- 
topher street.    Bleecker  street  cars. 

North  Western,  403  W.  36th  street.  Ninth 
av.  cars. 

Western  Homoeopathic,  413  W.  42d  street. 

Ninth  av.  cars. 
Western,  for  Women  and  Children,  334 

Ninth  av.    Ninth  av.  cars. 
Yorkville,  1482  Third  av.  Third  av.  cars. 
Yorkville  Homoeopathic,  162  E.  84th  street. 

Third  av.  cars. 


SECRET  AND  BENEFIT 
SOCIETIES. 

AMERICAN  MECHANICS. 

Annual  Session  of  State  Council,  second 
Tuesday  in  August.  Semi-annual 
Session,  second  Tuesday  in  February. 

AMERICAN  PROTESTANT  ASSOCIATION. 

The  Grand  Lodge  of  S.  N.  Y.  meets  on  the 
first  Monday  of  June  and  December. 
Subordinate  Lodges  meet  at  301  W. 
29th,  and  other  places. 

COUBT  LAFAYETTE,  ANCIENT  FORESTERS. 

Meets  second  and  fourth  Wednesday  in 
each  month  at  114  E  12th. 

DRUIDS. 

The  Grand  Grove  of  Directors  S.  N.  Y. 

meets  on  the  third  Sunday  in  March, 
June,  September  and  December,  at 
26  Delancey. 

GERMAN. 

Turn  Verein,  City  of  New  York,  66  E. 
4th.  Meets  every  Saturday  evening. 
Bloomingdale,  341  W.  47th. 

HEBREW. 

Anshi  Amuni.    Meets  at  146  Norfolk. 

B'nai  Berith.    Meets  at  1.58  Third  av. 

Brith  Abraham.  Meets  every  third  Sun- 
day in  the  month  at  56  Orchard. 

District  Grand  Lodge.  Meets  quarterly, 
at  158  Third  av. 

Chehra  Bihur  Cholim  Ukadisha.  Meets  at 
165  E.  Broadway. 

Hebrew  Benevolent  Fuel  Association. 
601  Broadway. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION. 


105 


Hebrew  Benevolent  Society.  E.  77tli,  cor. 
Third  av. 

Hebrew  Benevolent  and  Orphan  Asylam 
Society.  Meets  E.  77th,  near  Tliirdav. 
Hebrew  Free  Burial  Society,  318  Bleecker. 
Hebrew   Free  School  Association.  318 

Bleecker. 

Hebrew  Mutual  Benefit  Society.  Monthly, 

at  145  W.  34th. 
Hebrew  Mutual  B.  and  B.  Society.  127 

W.  44th. 

Ladies'  Hebrew  Benevolent  Society.  127 
W.  44th. 

Levi  Lodge  of  F.  S.,  114  E.  13th.  First 
and  third  Monday  in  each  month. 

The  District  Grand  Lodge  of  the  I.  0.  P.  S. 
I.  of  the  State  of  New  York  meets  in 
February  and  July. 

MASONIC. 

Grand  Lodge  S.  N.  Y.,  meets  annually  on 
the  first  Tuesday  in  June,  at  75  W. 
23d.    Masonic  Temple. 

Subordinate  Lodges  meet  every  even- 
ing at  Masonic  Temple,  75  W.  23d, 
224  Centre,  and  other  places. 

The  Grand  Commandery  of  Knights  Tem- 
plars meet  on  the  second  Tuesday  in 
October,  as  previously  designated. 

The  Grand  Council  of  Royal  and  Select 
Masters  meet  annually  in  New  York 
on  the  first  Tuesday  in  October. 

The  Grand  Royal  Arch  Chapter  meets  at 
Albany  annually  on  the  first  Tuesday 
in  February. 

Subordinate  Chapters  in  New  York 
City  meet  75  W.  23d,  224  Centre,  and 
other  places. 

Consistory  S.  P.  R.  S.,  32d  Degree,  Rose- 
Croix  Chapter,  Council  of  Princes  of  Jeru- 
salem, Lodge  of  Perfection,  and  Cosmo- 
politan Consistory,  working  under  the 
authority  of  the  Supreme  Council, 
meet  at  75  W.  23d, 

ODD  FELLOWS. 

The  Grand  Lodge  meets  at  New  York 
City,  on  the  Tuesday  succeeding  the 
Third  Monday  in  August. 

The  Grand  Encampment  meets  in  August 
at  New  York  City. 

Subordinate  Lodges  and  Encampments 
meet  at  224  Centre  and  274  Grand, 
and  other  places,  every  evening. 

OUDER  OF  HERMANN'S  SONS. 

The  Grand  Lodge  meets  at  73  Ludlow,  on 
the  third  Sunday  in  each  month. 

5* 


ORDER  OF  THE  SONS  OF  LIBERTY. 

Grand  Lodge  of  the  State  of  New  York 

meets  every  second  Sunday  at  52 
Orchard. 

TEMPERANCE. 

The  Grand  Division  of  the  Sons  of  Temper- 
ance meets  annually  in  New  York 
City  on  the  second  Wednesday  in 
November. 

The  Grand  Temple  of  Honor,  State  of  New 
York,  meets  annually  in  May. 

The  Grand  Section  of  the  Cadets  of  Temper- 
ance meets  first  week  in  February, 
May,  August  and  November,  the  last 
being  the  annual  session. 

INDEPENDENT  ORDER  OF  RECHABITE8. 

High  Tent  meets  annually  in  the  City  of 
New  York. 

New  York  Tent,  No.  2,  meets  every  Sat- 
urday evening  at  Cottage  pi.  cor. 
Bleecker. 

Washington  Tent,  No.  1,  meets  every 
Tuesday  evening.  Cottage  pi.  cor. 
Bleecker. 

BENEVOLENT. 

Ancient  Britons'  Benevolent  Society,  214 

Bowery. 

Ancient  Order  of  Hibernians,  28  Prince. 

Barbanell  U.  0.  B.  B.,  114  E.  13th. 

Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks, 
114  E.  13th. 

Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Eques- 
trians, 114  E.  13th. 

Edward  Everett  U.  0.  B.  B.,  meets  at  114 
E.  13th,  second  and  fourth  Wednes- 
day in  each  mouth. 

Father  Mathew  T.  A.  B.  Society,  407 
Second  av. 

Germania,  meets  first  and  third  Thurs- 
day ol  each  month  at  10  Stanton. 

Harugari,  meets  every  second  Sunday  in 
the  month  at  52  Orchard. 

Henry  Jones  0.  U.  B.  B.,  meets  at  114 
E.  13th,  second  and  fourth  Tuesdays 
in  each  month. 

Italian  BencTolent  Society,  7  Broadway. 

Lafayette,  meets  every  second  and 
fourth  Tuesday  in  each  month  at 
10  Stanton. 

Life  Saving  Benevolent  Association,  51 
Wall. 

Musical  Ben.  Society,  meets  every  Friday 

at  10  Stanton. 
N.  Y.  Typographical  Society,  3  Chambers. 


lOG         HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK. 


St.  David's  Benevolent  Society,  meets  at 
214  Bowery. 

Socie'te  Culinaire  Philanthropique  de  New- 
York,  tirst  Thursday  iu  each  mouth 
at  12(3  Sixth  av. 

Teutonia  Ben.  Society,  meets  secoud 
and  lourth  Tuesday  in  each  month 
at  10  Stanton. 

Typographical  Union,  meets  first  Tues- 
day in  each  month  at  114  E.  13th. 

Typographical,  meets  at  10  Stanton  on 
the  last  Saturday  of  each  month. 

Workingmen's  Ben.  Prot.  Society  (No.  1), 
meet  tirst  and  third  Tuesday  in  each 
month  at  10  Stanton. 

Young  Men's  Ben.  Society,  meets  first 
Tuesday  in  each  month  at  10  Stanton. 


DISTANCES  IN  THE  CITY. 


From 
Battery, 

From 
Custom  h. 

From 
City  Hall. 

TO 

Mile. 

Mile. 

Mile. 

}i 

Rector  st. 

Fulton. 

% 

City  Hall. 

1 

"k" 

Leonard. 

1 

Canal. 

IX 

% 

Spring. 

m 

1 

E.  Houston. 

2 

1¥ 

E.  4th. 

2 

IX 

E.  9th. 

2h 

2X 

IK 

E.  14th. 

2K 

2X 

2 

E.  19th. 

3 

2^ 

E.  24th. 

3 

2X 

E.  29th. 

3>^ 

2% 

E.  34th, 

3^ 

^X 

3 

E,  38th. 

4 

3^ 

3J^ 

E.  44th. 

'43^ 

4 

3X 

E.  49th, 

4^ 

4K 

3M 

E.  54th. 

4% 

iX 

4 

E.  58th. 

5 

i% 

4J^ 

E.  63d. 

5H 

5 

4>^ 

E,  68th. 

5X 

5H 

4^ 

E.  73d. 

5K 

5X 

5 

E,  78th. 

6 

5X 

5J^ 

E.  83d, 

6X 

6 

5X 

E,  88th. 

5M 

E.  93d. 

6M 

6X 

6 

E,  97th. 

7 

6% 

6¥ 

E,  102d. 

7 

6>^ 

E,  107th. 

7X 

6M 

E,  112th. 

7% 

7 

E,  117th. 

8 

1% 

E.  121st. 

8 

7X 

E,  126th, 

FOREIGN  CONSULS. 

Argentine  Republic— Ed.  F.  Davison,  0. 

a.,  Joseph  Snyder,  V,  C,  128  Pearl  St. 
Austria.— T.  A.  Havemeyer,  C.  G.,  Hugo 

O.  Fritsch,  Consul,  33  Broadway. 
Belgium.— Charles  Mali,  G8  Worth  St. 
Brazil.— Louis  H.  F.  d'Aguiar,  C.  G.,  148 

Pearl  St. 

Chili.— Stephen  Rogers,  249  W.  42d  St. 

Colombia.— M.  Salgar,  23  William  St. 

Costa  Rica  — J.  M.  Muuoz,  52  Pine  St. 

Denmark.— Henri  Braem,  52  Broadway. 

Dominica.— L.  Del  Monte,  50  Ex.  Place. 

Ecuador. — Jose  Jerman  lUbon,  52  Pine. 

France.— A.  L.  de  la  Forest,  C.  G.,  A, 
Jacquemiu  Ch.,  4  Bowling  Green. 

German  Empire.— H.  A.  Schumacher,  C, 
G.;  F.  Hinckel,  C, ;  Dr,  Gerlich,  V,  C. ; 
2  Bowling  Green. 

Great  Britain.— Edward  M,  Archibald,  C, 
G. ;  Picrrepont  Edwards,  V.  C. ;  Gil- 
bert Eraser,  2d  V.  C,  17  Broadway, 

Greece, — Demetrius  N,  Botassi,  56  Stone, 

Guatemala.— B.  Blanco,  13  S,  William  St, 

Hawaiian  Islands.— S.  U,  F.  Odell,  24  Bea- 
ver St. 

Hayti.— Charles  A.  Vanbokkelen,  29 
Front  St. 

Honduras.— F,  Ansoategui,  Consul,  42 

Broadway. 
Italy.— Ferdinando  de  Luca,  C.  G,,  A, 

P,  Bajnotti,  V.  C,  7  Broadway, 
Japan.— Tetsnoske   Tomita,  V.  C,  45 

Exchange  Place. 
Mexico.— Juan  Navarro,  52  Exchange  pi. 
Monaco.  —  Leon   Dejardin,  4  Bowling 

Green. 

Netherlands.— Rudolph  C.  Burlage,  C.G,, 

45  Exchange  Place. 
Nicaragua.— Alexander  J,  Cotheal,  C,  G,, 

5<)  William;  J.  R.  de  la  Esprielle,  C, 

52  Pine  St. 
Norway.— C.  Bors,  C,  J.  W.  Tornoe,  V. 

C,  18  Exchange  Place. 
Paraguay.— R.  R.  Barthold,  C.  G.,  40 

Stone  St. 
Peru.- J.  C.  Tracy,  39  Broadway. 
Portugal.— Gustave  Amsinck,  C.  G.,  148 

Pearl  St. 

Russia.— Waldmar  de  Bodisco,  C.  G.,  52 
Exchange  Place;  Vice-Consul,  Herman 
Baltzer. 

Spain.— Hipolito  de  Uriarte,  C,  G.;  J. 
Pcriguak,  V.  C. ;  M.  S.  de  Suarez, 
Secretary  ;  29  Broadway. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION. 


107 


Sweden. -C.  Bors,  C,  J.  W.  Tornoe,  V. 

C,  18  Exchange  Place. 
Switzerland.— Jacob  Bertschmann,  C,  60 

Wall  St.,  Adrick  Iseliu,  V.  C,  48  Wall. 

Turkey.— Edward  Slierer,  Acting  Con- 
sul, 122  Front  St. 

Uruguay.— Edwin  C.  B.  Garcia,  C.  G.,  A. 

D.  Valentine,  V.  C,  76  Wall  St. 
Venezuela. -Herman  Rudolfo  Jauy,  35 

Broadway. 


ASYLUMS  AND  HOMES. 

Association  for  Benefit  of  Colored  Orphans, 
Boulevard,  W.  U3d  st.  By  8tli  av. 
cars. 

Association  for  Improved  Instruction  of 
Deaf  Mutes,  642  7th  av.  By  7th  av. 
cars. 

Babies'  or  Infants'  Home,  24  Clinton  pi. 
By  Christopher  st.  Ferry  cars. 

Baptist  Home  for  the  Aged,  E.  68th  st.  and 
Lexington  av.    By  4th  av.  cars. 

Bloomingdale  ("Insane),  Boulevard,  cor. 
W.  117th  St.'   By  8th  av.  cars. 

Chapin  Home  for  Aged  and  Infirm,  Lexing- 
ton av.  and  66th  st.  By  Madison  and 
4th  av.  cars. 

Children's  Fold,  157  E.  60th  st.  By  3d 
av.  cars. 

Chiistian  Home  for  Women,  314  E.  15th 

St.    By  3d  or  4th  av.  cars. 
Colored  Orphan  Asylum,  office  cor.  11th 

St.  and  3d  av.    By  3d  av.  cars. 
Colored  Home,  foot  66th  st.,  E.  R.    By  1st 

and  2d  av.  cars. 
Deaf  and  Dumb,  E.  162d  st.  Hudson  River 

Railroad  or  8th  av.  cars. 
Dry  Nursery,  118  W.  20th  st.    By  6th  av. 

cars. 

Emigrants'  Refuge  and  Hospital,  Ward's 
Island.    By  ferry  foot  E.  110th  st. 

Five  Points  House  of  Industry,  155  Worth 
St.    By  2d,  3d,  or  4th  av.  cars. 

Five  Points  Mission,  61  Park  st.  4th  av. 
cars. 

Free  Dormitory  for  Women,  54  W.  3d  st. 

By  University  pi.  and  6th  av.  cars. 
Girls'  Lodging  House,  27  St.  Mark's  pi. 

By  2d  av.  and  Cross  Town  cars. 
Hebrew  Orphan,  77th  st.,  near  3d  av.  By 

3d  av.  cars. 
Helping  Hand  for  Men,  316  Water  st.  By 

South  st.  cars 
Home  for  Aged  and  Infirm  Deaf  Mutes,  220 

E.  13th  St.    By  3d  av.  cars. 


Home  for  the  Aged,  445  W.  32d  st.  By 

8th  av.  cars. 

Home  for  the  Aged  of  the  Church  of  Holy 
Communion,  330  6th  av.  By  6th  av. 
cars. 

Home  for  the  Friendless  (female  and  chil- 
dren), 32  E.  3Uth  St.    By  4th  av.  tars. 

Home  for  Aged  and  Infirm  Hebrews,  822 
Lexington  av.    By  Madison  av.  cars. 

Home  for  Friendless  Women,  86  W.  4tb  st. 
By  University  pi.  cars. 

Home  for  Friendless  Girls.  41  7th  av.  and 
86  W.  4th  St.  By  7th  av.  and  Univer- 
sity pi.  cars. 

Home  for  Young  Women,  27  Washington 
sq.    By  Broadway  cars. 

Home  for  Incurables,  Fordham.  By  Har- 
lem Railroad. 

Home  or  Female  Department  Prison  Associ- 
ation, 191  10th  av.  By  Central  Park. 
N.  R.  10th  av.  cars. 

Home  for  the  Aged  (under  the  auspiaes 
of  the  Guild  of  St.  Paul's),  127  Cedar 
St.    By  Broadway  stages. 

Home  for  the  Aged  (under  the  charge  of 
the  Little  Sisters  ol  the  Poor),  foot  of 
E.  70th  St.  By  South  st.  or  2d  av.  cars. 

Home  for  Old  Men  and  Aged  Couples,  487 
Hudson  St.    By  8th  av.  cars. 

House  of  Mercy  (Prot.  Epis.),  foot  W.  86th 
St.    By  8th  av.  cars  to  86th  st. 

House  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  foot  E.  90th 
St.    By  Astoria  Ferry  cars. 

House  of  Mercy,  Houston  and  Mulberry, 
By  Bleecker  and  Fulton  Ferry  cars. 

House  of  Refuge,  Randall's  Island.  By 
boat  from  Pier  26  E.  R. 

Howard  Mission,  40  New  Bowery.  By  2d 
or  3d  av.  and  Dry  Dock  cars. 

Institution  of  Ladies'  Union  Aid  Society  of 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  255  W.  42d 
St.    By  8th  av.  cars. 

Institution  for  Blind,  cor.  9th  av.  and  34th 
St.    9th  av.  cars. 

Leake  and  Watts'  Orphan  Home,  cor  9th  av. 
and  111th  st.    By  8th  av.  cars. 

Lunatic,  cor.  10th  av.  and  117th  st.  By 
8th  av.  cars. 

Lying-in  for  Destitute  Females,  85  Marion 
St.    By  Broadway  stages  to  Prince  st. 

Lying-in  Asylum,  and  Infant's  Home,  Lex- 
ington av.,  cor.  E.  51st  st.  By  3d  av. 
cars. 

Magdalene,  cor.  88th  st.  and  5th  av.  By 

Madison  av.  cars. 
Midnight  Mission,  260  Greene  st.  By 

Broadway  cars. 


lOS        HISTORY  OF  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  NEW  YORK. 


National  Home  for  Disabled  Soldiers,  171 

Broadway.    By  Broadway  stages. 
New  York  Foundling  Asylum,  E.  C8tli  st. 

and  3d  av.    By  3d  av.  cars. 
New  York  Juvenile,  ITGth  st.,  lOth  av. 

By  8th  av.  cars. 
News  Boys'  Lodging-House,  cor.  William 

aud  New  Chambers  sts. 
Orphan.  Bloomiugdale  road,  74:th  st. 

By  8th  av.  cars. 
Orphan  (colored),  Boulevard,  near  W. 

143d  St.  By  Hudsou  River  Bailroad. 
Orphan  Home  of  Frot.  Episcopal  Church, 

4:9th  St.,  near  Lexington  av.    By  3d 

av.  cars. 

Orphan,  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul,  211  W.  39th 

St.    By  8th  or  Dth  av.  cars. 
Presbyterian  Home  for  Aged  Women,  E. 

73d  St.,  near  Madison  av.    By  3d  av. 

cars. 

Protestant  Half  Orphan,  65  W.  10th  st. 

By  6th  av.  cars. 
Protestant  House  of  Mercy,  foot  W.  86th 

St.    By  8th  av.  cars. 
Respectable  Aged  Indigent  Females,  226  E. 

20th  St.    By  2d  av.  cars. 
Roman  Catholic  Orphan  Girls,  Prince  and 

Mott  sts.,  and  Madison  av.  and  51st 

St.    By  4th  av.  cars. 
Roman  Catholic  Orphan  Boys.  51st  st.  and 

5th  av.    By  6th  av.  cars. 
Sailors'  Home,  190  Cherry  st. 
Sailors'  Snug  Harbor,  Staten  Island.  By 

Staten  Island  Ferry,  North  Shore. 
Shelter  for  Respectable  Girls,  332  6th  av. 

By  6th  av.  cars. 
Shepherd's  Fold,  E.  88th  st.,  near  2d  av. 

By  2d  av.  cars. 
St.  Barnabas  House,  304  Mulberry  st. 
St.  Joseph's  Home  for  the  Aged,  209  W. 

15tli  St.    By  8th  av.  cars. 
St.  Joseph's  Industrial  School,  E.  81st  st. 

and  Madison  av.    By  Madison  av. 

cars. 

St.  Luke's  Home  for  Indigent  Christian  Fe- 
males, Madison  av.  cor  89th  st.    By  | 
Madison  av.  cars. 

St.  Stephen's  Home,  145  E.  28th  st.  By 
4th  av.  cars. 

Samaritan  Home  for  the  Aged,  W.  14th  st., 
near  9th  av.    By  9th  av.  cars. 

Temporary  Home  for  Women,  133  Mac- 
dongal  St.    Various  car  routes. 

Trinity  Chapel  Home  for  Aged  Women,  207 
\V.  27th  St.    By  8th  av.  cars. 

Water  St.  Mission  Hoaae  for  Women,  273 
Water  st.    By  South  st.  car.s. 


CEMETERIES. 

Calvary.— Office  266  Mulberry  St.,  N.  Y. 
Located  near  Newtown,  L.  I.,  2>2 
miles  from  10th  St.  Ferry.  Reached 
by  Grand  St.  and  Newtown  Railroad. 

City.— Office  E.  11th St.,  cor.  3d  Av.,  N. 
Y.  On  Hart's  Island.  Bv  Ferry  from 
foot  110th  St. 

Cypress  Hills.— Offices,  124  Bowery  aud 
744  Broadway,  N.  Y.  Located  on  Myr- 
tle Avenue  and  Jamaica  Plank  Road, 
five  miles  from  Williamsburg  Fer- 
ries. By  Cars  from  Houston,  South 
7th  St.,  Fulton,  and  Atlantic  Ferries. 

Evergreens.— Office  at  Cemetery.  Loca- 
ted about  3  miles  east  of  Brooklj'n.  L. 
I.,  on  the  Bushwick  Road,  and  reached 
by  Cars  from  Fulton  Ferry. 

Greenwood. — Office  30  Broadway,  N.  Y- 
Located  on  Gowauus  Heights,  Brook- 
lyn, L.  I.,  3  miles  from  Fulton,  and  2 
miles  from  Hamilton  Avenue  Ferries. 
Reached  by  Cars  from  both  Ferries. 

Lutheran.— Office,  293  Broadway,  N.  Y. 
On  the  Jamaica  Turnpike,  near  Mid- 
dle Village,  L.  I.,  4  miles  from  the 
Williamsburg  Ferries.  Reached  by 
Railroad  from  South  7th  St.  Ferry, 
Williamsburg. 

Machpelah.— Office,  160  W.  24th  St.,  N.Y. 
Located  at  New  Durham,  Hudson  Co., 
N.  J.,  one  mile  from  Weehawken  Fer- 
ry, foot  of  42d  St. 

Marble.— Office.  65  Second  St.,  N.  Y.  Lo- 
cated in  2d  Street,  between  1st  and  2d 
Avenues.  Reached  by  the  2d  Avenue 
Cars. 

Mount  Olivet.— James  Maurice,  67  Wall 
St.,  N.  Y.  Located  near  Maspeth,  L. 
I.,  3^2  miles  from  Grand  and  Houston 
St.  Ferries.  Reached  by  MetropoUtan 
Avenue  Cars  from  South  7th  Street 
Ferry,  Williamsburg. 

New  York  Bay.— Office,  5  Dey  St.,  N.  Y. 
Located  on  the  west  bank  of  New 
York  Bay,  2  miles  below  Jersey  City. 
Reached  by  Cars  from  Jersey  City 
Ferry. 

Trinity  Church.- Office.  187  Fulton  St.. 
N.  Y.  Located  at  155th  St.  and  10th 
Avenue.  Reached  by  Hudson  River 
Railroad. 

Union.— Office,  192  Rivington  St.,  N.  Y. 
Located  near  Wyckoff  Avenue.  Brook 
lyn,  L.  I.,  3>^  miles  from  Division 
Avenue  and  Grand  Street  Ferry. 

Woodlawn.— Office,  48  E.  23d  St.  Situated 
in  Westchester  Co.,  7  miles  from  Har- 
lem Bridge.  Reached  by  Harlem 
Railroad. 


p.  AYRES' 

PREPARED  OR  HIED  PAINTS, 

In  Whited,  and  all  the  tinU  of  color,  Jiut  uji  in 
Cand,  Ke^d  and  ^arreUj  of  all  Mze^* 

These  paints  are  made  from  Lead  and  Linseed  Oil  only. 
Water  or  Chemicals  are  not  used  in  their  manufacture.  Suitable 
for  both  outside  and  inside  work. 

I  would  also  invite  your  attention  to  my  Graining  Colors, 
in  Oil  and  Water,  for  fineness  and  strength.  They  have  few 
equals,  being  ground  from  Turkey  Umbers  and  Italian  Siennas 
only,  without  adulteration. 


CONSTANTLY  IN  STOCK  AT  LOWEST  PRICES, 

Varnlslies,  Japans Liquid  Dryers, 

WOOD  FILLER  and  OIL  FINISH, 

Spirits  Turpentine,  Sperm  Oil,  Machinery  Oil, 
Whiting,  Paris  White,  Sand  Paper,  Emery 
Paper,  Chalk,  Linseed  Oil,  Lard  Oil, 
Neatsfoot  Oil,  Glues,  Sponges, 
Bees  Wax,  Japanned 
Tins,  Alcohol. 

COLORED  PAINTS  OF  EVERY  KIND  DRY  AND  IN  OIL 


Constantly  in  Stock,  Paint  Brushes  of  all 
kinds,  of  best  makers. 


p.  AY  RES, 

g— IMPORTER   OF — g 

Simwh  ^indom,  iSmth,  Itai^,  and  sPhoio 

FROM  BEST  MANUFACTURERS  OF  EUROPE. 

Dealer  in  the  best  brands  of  American  Glass. 

Ornamental  Cut,  Stained  and  Embossed  Glass, 
furnished  on  orders  in  new  and 
original  designs. 

Enamelled,  Fluted,  Rough  and  Polished  Plate  Glass. 

III  All  linfs^  or  fiirnisJied  in  Lead  Sash  in  designs, 
on  orders  for  Windows  and  Vestibules, 

<^LyV2;iER3'  JlAMOf^DS  /^IMD  ^^LA^IERS'  pOI^ITg. 
PUTTY  IN  KEGS,  TUBS,  PAILS  OR  BARRELS. 

English  White  Lead,  Vermillion  and  Patent 
Dryers,  Carmines,  Cobalt  Blues  and 
Ultramarines — all  grades. 

WHITE  LiXZADS 

Of  the  following  Urands: 

BLACK  RIVER  LEAD,     SILVER  SEAL  LEAD, 
HAMBURG  LEAD,         WALTHAM  LEAD, 

PAINTERS'  RESERVE,    WEBSTER  LEAD. 


ii 
i 


11 


R  El  I 

434  Broome  Street, 


White  Leads, 
Zincs,  Colors, 

Mixed  Paints, 


\Iachinc-rv  Oils. 


I  i 


I  ^ 
1  ^ 


IMPOMTEE  OF 


Mil 


AND 


hite  Leads. 


